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<p>Agriculture serves as the backbone of Bihar’s economy, employing over 70% of the population. Despite its importance, the sector faces critical challenges, including climate variability, high input costs, and limited adoption of modern technologies. This study analyses the interplay of yield trends, technology adoption, input costs, climate resilience, policy awareness, and income stability across Bihar’s four agro-climatic zones (ACZ), used data from 2,000 farmers across seven districts. Results indicated there is a performance gap in agri-food production systems. While ACZ-II emerged as a model of resilience with the highest technology adoption and climate resilience score, ACZ-IIIb was the overall worst affected despite showing a marginally positive yield impact score (+ 0.2). ACZ-IIIb yield was undoubtedly impacted by historically low technology adoption (2.8), poor access to credit (~ 35%), and a very weak climate resilience index (4.9). Input costs rose ~ 19% over five years in ACZ-II, compared to ~ 27% in ACZ-I and ~ 29% in ACZ-IIIb, which showed economic pressures in the other ACZs. ACZ-II had the highest technology adoption index of 5.9 from adopting technologies such as laser land leveling, raised bed planting, seed drills allowing mechanized sowing, and climate-smart/resilient varieties, whereas the lowest in ACZ-IIIb of 2.8. Climate resilience index (CRI) followed a similar trend, with ACZ-II recording a higher value (6.8) than ACZ-IIIb (4.9), indicating notable gaps in the adoption of climate-resilient agri-food practices. Policy awareness also varied considerably ~ 45% of farmers in ACZ-I was aware of the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY), compared to only ~ 32% in ACZ-IIIb. Income stability indices (ISI) were as high as 4.5 in ACZ-II, supported by good market linkages and cold storage, but as low as 3.1 in ACZ-I and 2.8 in ACZ-IIIb, where market access was limited. Regression analysis identified technology adoption (β=+0.45, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) and income stability (β=+0.30, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.06) as key drivers of climate-resilience, while high input costs negatively impacted resilience (β=-0.25, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Overall, enhancing technology adoption, reducing input costs, and improving market access are key to strengthening Bihar’s agri-food systems resilience. Expanding climate-smart practices in ACZ-IIIb and replicating ACZ-II’s success with advanced techniques can drive sustainability. Strengthening financial support and storage facilities will further boost income stability. The results provide evidence-based insights for regional and national policy interventions, while also highlighting pathways for climate-resilient agriculture and aligning with the UN Sustainable Development Goals, specifically SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), and SDG 13 (Climate Action).</p>

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Climate-resilient agri-food systems: analyzing yield trends and overcoming adoption barriers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月11日

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  • Shubham Durgude,
  • Raj Kumar Jat,
  • Vijay Singh Meena,
  • RK Sohane,
  • RK Jha,
  • Abhay Kumar,
  • Ujjwal Kumar,
  • Anjani Kumar,
  • RN Singh,
  • Dinesh Chand Meena,
  • Suneel Kumar,
  • Illathur R. Reddy,
  • S. Pazhanismy,
  • Manish Kumar Vishwakarma,
  • Sunita Kumari Meena,
  • Brijendu Kumar,
  • Umesh Narayan Umesh,
  • Ranjan Kumar Singh,
  • Ravikant Chaubey,
  • Mukesh Kumar,
  • Vinod Kumar,
  • Kumari Sharda,
  • Susheel Singh,
  • Rama Kant Singh,
  • Seema Kumari,
  • Pankaj Kumar,
  • Govind Kumar,
  • Ravindra Kumar Tiwari,
  • Vineeta Kashyap,
  • Suneeta Kushwaha,
  • Sripriya Das,
  • Prem Prakash Gautam,
  • Bharati Upadhaya,
  • Shubham Bhagat,
  • Amit Kumar Lenka,
  • Anil Kumar Jha,
  • Dhananjay Pati Tripathi,
  • Swati Sagar

摘要

Agriculture serves as the backbone of Bihar’s economy, employing over 70% of the population. Despite its importance, the sector faces critical challenges, including climate variability, high input costs, and limited adoption of modern technologies. This study analyses the interplay of yield trends, technology adoption, input costs, climate resilience, policy awareness, and income stability across Bihar’s four agro-climatic zones (ACZ), used data from 2,000 farmers across seven districts. Results indicated there is a performance gap in agri-food production systems. While ACZ-II emerged as a model of resilience with the highest technology adoption and climate resilience score, ACZ-IIIb was the overall worst affected despite showing a marginally positive yield impact score (+ 0.2). ACZ-IIIb yield was undoubtedly impacted by historically low technology adoption (2.8), poor access to credit (~ 35%), and a very weak climate resilience index (4.9). Input costs rose ~ 19% over five years in ACZ-II, compared to ~ 27% in ACZ-I and ~ 29% in ACZ-IIIb, which showed economic pressures in the other ACZs. ACZ-II had the highest technology adoption index of 5.9 from adopting technologies such as laser land leveling, raised bed planting, seed drills allowing mechanized sowing, and climate-smart/resilient varieties, whereas the lowest in ACZ-IIIb of 2.8. Climate resilience index (CRI) followed a similar trend, with ACZ-II recording a higher value (6.8) than ACZ-IIIb (4.9), indicating notable gaps in the adoption of climate-resilient agri-food practices. Policy awareness also varied considerably ~ 45% of farmers in ACZ-I was aware of the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY), compared to only ~ 32% in ACZ-IIIb. Income stability indices (ISI) were as high as 4.5 in ACZ-II, supported by good market linkages and cold storage, but as low as 3.1 in ACZ-I and 2.8 in ACZ-IIIb, where market access was limited. Regression analysis identified technology adoption (β=+0.45, p < 0.01) and income stability (β=+0.30, p ≤ 0.06) as key drivers of climate-resilience, while high input costs negatively impacted resilience (β=-0.25, p < 0.05). Overall, enhancing technology adoption, reducing input costs, and improving market access are key to strengthening Bihar’s agri-food systems resilience. Expanding climate-smart practices in ACZ-IIIb and replicating ACZ-II’s success with advanced techniques can drive sustainability. Strengthening financial support and storage facilities will further boost income stability. The results provide evidence-based insights for regional and national policy interventions, while also highlighting pathways for climate-resilient agriculture and aligning with the UN Sustainable Development Goals, specifically SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), and SDG 13 (Climate Action).