<p>The implementation of management strategies tailored to distinct functional zones within Protected Areas (PAs) has emerged as a pivotal approach for reconciling conservation efforts with the socio-economic needs of local communities and the promotion of sustainable tourism. To better understand the relationship between livelihood sustainability and environmental conservation in PA functional zones, we surveyed 537 households located within the core, buffer, and experimental zones in Dashanbao Nature Reserve. Our hypothesis was that functional zone management differentially influences residents’ livelihood capital, which in turn shapes their conservation attitudes and willingness to engage in tourism in PAs. Results indicated that zone-specific management practices lead to variations in residents’ livelihood capital, subsequently shaping their viewpoints on conservation and tourism. Choice of livelihood strategy was closely tied to livelihood capital, with assets linked to tourism revenue and environmental service payments emerging as significant determinants. Notably, prospects of tourism-related benefits served as a primary incentive for conservation efforts, highlighting the potential for positive contributions of tourism to sustainable livelihoods and environmental conservation. Findings provide valuable insights into the complex interactions between society, development, and the environment in protected areas and adjacent communities.</p>