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<p>In this period of energy transition where non-renewable energies such as fossil fuels are being replaced with renewable and innovative sources of energy, lithium-ion batteries (LIB) play a crucial role. They are essential for technologies supporting this transition, including electric vehicles and energy storage systems. However, LIBs can pose important challenges to sustainability goals as they require the extraction of critical materials, which can harm ecosystems and create public health risk. Therefore, it is crucial to manage this technology effectively throughout its lifecycle. This study assesses the management of spent LIB from electric vehicles using the case of Czechia to apply the proposed methodology. A material flow analysis is proposed across three different technological and circularity scenarios alongside an environmental and economic assessment. Excel was the main tool used for data collection and organization, combined with STAN and SankeyMATIC for data analysis and interpretation of results. The findings suggest that reusing spent LIB as stationary storage solutions for renewable energy integration is a promising approach to enhancing material circularity and promoting a more sustainable LIB industry. In the expected scenario, these batteries could contribute to store more than 2000 GWh of electricity, which would represent more than 14% of the estimated renewable electricity production in 2047 in the country. As for the economic value of the material directly sent to recycle, our estimations indicate a value close to $59&#xa0;million until 2050 for the excepted scenario alongside an additional recycling potential of second-life batteries close to $106&#xa0;million.</p>

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Economic and environmental assessment of circularity in End-of-life batteries

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月10日

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  • Francisco Mikus,
  • Marcela Jorio,
  • Paula Ferreira

摘要

In this period of energy transition where non-renewable energies such as fossil fuels are being replaced with renewable and innovative sources of energy, lithium-ion batteries (LIB) play a crucial role. They are essential for technologies supporting this transition, including electric vehicles and energy storage systems. However, LIBs can pose important challenges to sustainability goals as they require the extraction of critical materials, which can harm ecosystems and create public health risk. Therefore, it is crucial to manage this technology effectively throughout its lifecycle. This study assesses the management of spent LIB from electric vehicles using the case of Czechia to apply the proposed methodology. A material flow analysis is proposed across three different technological and circularity scenarios alongside an environmental and economic assessment. Excel was the main tool used for data collection and organization, combined with STAN and SankeyMATIC for data analysis and interpretation of results. The findings suggest that reusing spent LIB as stationary storage solutions for renewable energy integration is a promising approach to enhancing material circularity and promoting a more sustainable LIB industry. In the expected scenario, these batteries could contribute to store more than 2000 GWh of electricity, which would represent more than 14% of the estimated renewable electricity production in 2047 in the country. As for the economic value of the material directly sent to recycle, our estimations indicate a value close to $59 million until 2050 for the excepted scenario alongside an additional recycling potential of second-life batteries close to $106 million.