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<p>As a vital instrument for guiding corporate green innovation and facilitating green transition, environmental regulation has drawn significant attention for its effectiveness. Concurrently, the rapid advancement of the digital economy presents new opportunities for green innovation. This study employs panel data from 284 prefecture-level cities in China (2011–2022) and utilizes econometric methods including the double machine learning model, threshold model, and spatial durbin model to investigate the synergistic impact of environmental regulation and digital economy on regional green innovation. Key findings reveal that: (1) Environmental regulation and digital economy demonstrate significant coupling coordination effects, jointly driving regional green innovation leapfrogging, with innovation incentives exhibiting heterogeneity across time, regions, and evonomic development levels. (2) Innovation investment, public environmental concern, and green finance constitute core transmission channels for the coordinated environmental regulation-digital economy mechanism to drive green innovation. (3) Both environmental regulation and digital economy exhibit nonlinear incentive effects on green innovation, with significantly enhanced impacts after crossing specific thresholds. (4) Spatial spillover effects exist in their influence on green innovation, validating a spatial transmission mechanism of “local compliance cost suppression-neighboring competition imitation-digital empowerment for cross-regional innovation collaboration”. These findings contribute to the integrated sustainability agenda by identifying actionable pathways aligning environmental policy, digital economy, and green innovation. Based on the empirical results, policy recommendations are proposed across five dimensions: optimizing the combination of digital-enabled environmental regulation tools, accelerating digital infrastructure to facilitate the flow of innovation factors, strengthening regional coordination and policy synergy, promoting public participation, and developing green finance to expand innovation financing channels.</p>

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How can environmental regulation and digital economy synergistically affect regional green innovation in China? Evidence based on double machine learning model

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月26日

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  • Han Yueming,
  • Qu Shiyou

摘要

As a vital instrument for guiding corporate green innovation and facilitating green transition, environmental regulation has drawn significant attention for its effectiveness. Concurrently, the rapid advancement of the digital economy presents new opportunities for green innovation. This study employs panel data from 284 prefecture-level cities in China (2011–2022) and utilizes econometric methods including the double machine learning model, threshold model, and spatial durbin model to investigate the synergistic impact of environmental regulation and digital economy on regional green innovation. Key findings reveal that: (1) Environmental regulation and digital economy demonstrate significant coupling coordination effects, jointly driving regional green innovation leapfrogging, with innovation incentives exhibiting heterogeneity across time, regions, and evonomic development levels. (2) Innovation investment, public environmental concern, and green finance constitute core transmission channels for the coordinated environmental regulation-digital economy mechanism to drive green innovation. (3) Both environmental regulation and digital economy exhibit nonlinear incentive effects on green innovation, with significantly enhanced impacts after crossing specific thresholds. (4) Spatial spillover effects exist in their influence on green innovation, validating a spatial transmission mechanism of “local compliance cost suppression-neighboring competition imitation-digital empowerment for cross-regional innovation collaboration”. These findings contribute to the integrated sustainability agenda by identifying actionable pathways aligning environmental policy, digital economy, and green innovation. Based on the empirical results, policy recommendations are proposed across five dimensions: optimizing the combination of digital-enabled environmental regulation tools, accelerating digital infrastructure to facilitate the flow of innovation factors, strengthening regional coordination and policy synergy, promoting public participation, and developing green finance to expand innovation financing channels.