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<p>Mineral resource exploitation drives economic progress but causes significant ecological damage, and as global warming increases extreme climate event frequency, long-term monitoring of Mining areas affected by both Mining and extreme climate is crucial for protecting arable land.The study focuses on the Tiefa Coalfield, which is located in China and uses the pseudo-invariant feature method to correct reflectance differences in Landsat 5/8 data from 1984 to 2023. Through NDVI difference and NDWI threshold methods, the study analyzes changes in vegetation and subsidence-induced water. This study found that when mining activities and extreme climate occur within the same time scale, waterlogging years exhibit a more pronounced exacerbating effect on farmland than drought years based on mining impacts. However, drought periods show a promoting effect on farmland in temporary subsidence-induced water areas. Other quantitative results are as follows: (1) Over the past four decades, the entire area of subsidence-induced water has shown a continuous upward trend, with the most significant increase in the third decade, rising from 0.67&#xa0;km² in 2003 to 2.65&#xa0;km² in 2014. Reeds increased in area from 0.22&#xa0;km² in 1984 to 2.54&#xa0;km² in 2023, demonstrating a spatial-temporal correlation with subsidence-induced water. (2) Over the past decade, the relative change coefficient for waterlogging and drought periods has increased from 1.11 to 2.26. This research provides scientific grounds for formulating “targeted governance” and climate-adaptive strategies in sustainable mining by examining three scenarios: extreme climate, mining activities, and their joint impact on farmland.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Remote sensing monitoring of changes in land cover in the Tiefa Coalfield under the joint impact of extreme climate and mining activities (1984–2023)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月13日

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  • Baodong Ma,
  • Ting Kang,
  • Renfeng Gao,
  • Defu Che,
  • Zhongyin Xu

摘要

Mineral resource exploitation drives economic progress but causes significant ecological damage, and as global warming increases extreme climate event frequency, long-term monitoring of Mining areas affected by both Mining and extreme climate is crucial for protecting arable land.The study focuses on the Tiefa Coalfield, which is located in China and uses the pseudo-invariant feature method to correct reflectance differences in Landsat 5/8 data from 1984 to 2023. Through NDVI difference and NDWI threshold methods, the study analyzes changes in vegetation and subsidence-induced water. This study found that when mining activities and extreme climate occur within the same time scale, waterlogging years exhibit a more pronounced exacerbating effect on farmland than drought years based on mining impacts. However, drought periods show a promoting effect on farmland in temporary subsidence-induced water areas. Other quantitative results are as follows: (1) Over the past four decades, the entire area of subsidence-induced water has shown a continuous upward trend, with the most significant increase in the third decade, rising from 0.67 km² in 2003 to 2.65 km² in 2014. Reeds increased in area from 0.22 km² in 1984 to 2.54 km² in 2023, demonstrating a spatial-temporal correlation with subsidence-induced water. (2) Over the past decade, the relative change coefficient for waterlogging and drought periods has increased from 1.11 to 2.26. This research provides scientific grounds for formulating “targeted governance” and climate-adaptive strategies in sustainable mining by examining three scenarios: extreme climate, mining activities, and their joint impact on farmland.

Graphical abstract