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<p>Natural grassland grazing systems play a crucial role in global meat supply and food security, making effective conservation and management critical for achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 2 (Zero Hunger). However, ecological conservation policies driven by grassland degradation have introduced uncertainties regarding Livestock production growth. Using data from 93 counties in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China from 2000 to 2016, we assessed the impact of the Subsidy and Incentive System for Grassland Conservation (SISGC) on livestock stocking using a difference-in-differences approach. Our results revealed that SISGC significantly and robustly promoted livestock production. The policy’s effects were time-lagged and cumulative, becoming evident in the second year, and showing an overall upward trend. Furthermore, policy effects were heterogeneous, with varying dynamics across regions. Pastoral counties, poverty counties, and counties dominated by the forage-livestock balance corresponded to higher policy incentives. An in-depth analysis indicated that while SISGC fostered an increase in large livestock stocking, it did not influence sheep stocking. The policy’s overall impact on livestock stockings is driven entirely by the growth of large livestock. These findings suggest that SISGC should be continued and deepened to ensure mutually beneficial outcomes of grassland ecological restoration, transformation of animal husbandry practices, and sustainable livestock production growth.</p>

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Does the ecologically-oriented grassland ecological compensation policy threaten pastoral livestock productive capacity? Evidence from Inner Mongolia, China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月8日

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  • Yuxing Shi,
  • Minjuan Zhao

摘要

Natural grassland grazing systems play a crucial role in global meat supply and food security, making effective conservation and management critical for achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 2 (Zero Hunger). However, ecological conservation policies driven by grassland degradation have introduced uncertainties regarding Livestock production growth. Using data from 93 counties in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China from 2000 to 2016, we assessed the impact of the Subsidy and Incentive System for Grassland Conservation (SISGC) on livestock stocking using a difference-in-differences approach. Our results revealed that SISGC significantly and robustly promoted livestock production. The policy’s effects were time-lagged and cumulative, becoming evident in the second year, and showing an overall upward trend. Furthermore, policy effects were heterogeneous, with varying dynamics across regions. Pastoral counties, poverty counties, and counties dominated by the forage-livestock balance corresponded to higher policy incentives. An in-depth analysis indicated that while SISGC fostered an increase in large livestock stocking, it did not influence sheep stocking. The policy’s overall impact on livestock stockings is driven entirely by the growth of large livestock. These findings suggest that SISGC should be continued and deepened to ensure mutually beneficial outcomes of grassland ecological restoration, transformation of animal husbandry practices, and sustainable livestock production growth.