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<p>Global industrial trade drives significant carbon emission transfers from developed to developing regions, exacerbating climate governance inequities; yet sector-level dynamics and spatial variations in embodied carbon flows remain underexplored 59. This study bridges this gap by applying a multi-regional input-output (MRIO) model integrated with the Eora database to quantify embodied carbon transfers across 188 countries and 26 sectoral industries during 2001–2016, capturing interregional and intersectoral dependencies. Key results reveal: (1) Trade-embodied carbon constitutes ~ 25% of global emissions, dominated by petrochemicals, machinery/electronics, mining, agriculture, and transport; (2) Intermediate goods’share declined to 70.78% in 2016, reflecting supply-chain restructuring; (3) Domestic consumption emissions fluctuated, peaking in transport and construction by 2016; (4) US-China transfers concentrated in petrochemicals and balanced in mining, whereas Japan imposed dominant carbon pressure on China’s electronics sector; (5) Japan paradoxically faced net carbon inflows from China in mining, indicating asymmetric industrial roles. We recommend differentiated carbon responsibility allocation based on“common but differentiated” principles and region-specific industrial decarbonization policies to mitigate leakage.</p>

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Regional differences and transfer characteristics of global industrial trade-embodied carbon emissions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月31日

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  • Guofeng Wang,
  • Lu Qing,
  • Qinyang Guo,
  • Baohui Zhao,
  • Yiqiong Du,
  • Ying Cai,
  • Fan Zhang

摘要

Global industrial trade drives significant carbon emission transfers from developed to developing regions, exacerbating climate governance inequities; yet sector-level dynamics and spatial variations in embodied carbon flows remain underexplored 59. This study bridges this gap by applying a multi-regional input-output (MRIO) model integrated with the Eora database to quantify embodied carbon transfers across 188 countries and 26 sectoral industries during 2001–2016, capturing interregional and intersectoral dependencies. Key results reveal: (1) Trade-embodied carbon constitutes ~ 25% of global emissions, dominated by petrochemicals, machinery/electronics, mining, agriculture, and transport; (2) Intermediate goods’share declined to 70.78% in 2016, reflecting supply-chain restructuring; (3) Domestic consumption emissions fluctuated, peaking in transport and construction by 2016; (4) US-China transfers concentrated in petrochemicals and balanced in mining, whereas Japan imposed dominant carbon pressure on China’s electronics sector; (5) Japan paradoxically faced net carbon inflows from China in mining, indicating asymmetric industrial roles. We recommend differentiated carbon responsibility allocation based on“common but differentiated” principles and region-specific industrial decarbonization policies to mitigate leakage.