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<p>Irrational exploitation of resources has caused severe air pollution in mining areas, particularly in China. In 2013, the Chinese government implemented an important policy, the “China Sustainable Development Program for National Resource Cities” (CSDP), to serve as a guide for the transformation of mining-dependent cities. We assessed the impact of CSDP on air pollution by combining propensity-score matching with difference-in-difference models and a dataset from 244 cities in China covering the period from 2007 to 2019. Our results showed that CSDP robustly and significantly reduced SO<sub>2</sub> emission in mining-dependent cities. However, behind this success lies a suppression of corporate innovation and failure to sufficiently reduce the crucial air pollutant PM<sub>2.5</sub>, which was not covered by CSDP policy targets. These results depart from CSDP’s ultimate goal of achieving sustainable development despite the seeming effectiveness for SO<sub>2</sub>. New policies should ensure that CSDP sub-goals are reasonable and aligned with the overall objective.</p>

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Has the fight against air pollution been successful? Research on a sustainable development policy for Chinese mining-dependent cities

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月19日

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  • Jiahong Guo,
  • Zihao Ma,
  • Shixiong Cao

摘要

Irrational exploitation of resources has caused severe air pollution in mining areas, particularly in China. In 2013, the Chinese government implemented an important policy, the “China Sustainable Development Program for National Resource Cities” (CSDP), to serve as a guide for the transformation of mining-dependent cities. We assessed the impact of CSDP on air pollution by combining propensity-score matching with difference-in-difference models and a dataset from 244 cities in China covering the period from 2007 to 2019. Our results showed that CSDP robustly and significantly reduced SO2 emission in mining-dependent cities. However, behind this success lies a suppression of corporate innovation and failure to sufficiently reduce the crucial air pollutant PM2.5, which was not covered by CSDP policy targets. These results depart from CSDP’s ultimate goal of achieving sustainable development despite the seeming effectiveness for SO2. New policies should ensure that CSDP sub-goals are reasonable and aligned with the overall objective.