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<p>Green innovation efficiency (GIE) serves as a pivotal driver in advancing sustainable development. Although national laboratories function as key innovation platforms, integrating diverse actors to address sustainability challenges, their impact on GIE remains unclear. Utilizing panel data covering China’s 31 provinces (2000–2020), this study applies the spatial Durbin model, mediating effect model, and spatial difference-in-differences model to estimate the effects of laboratory construction on GIE. The results show that both key laboratories (KLS) and national laboratories and reserve forces (NLF) promote GIE. Laboratory construction promotes GIE through R&amp;D agglomeration, technological progress, and industrial upgrading. Moreover, the promotion effect is larger in regions with fewer innovation platforms, southern regions, better business environments, stronger railway infrastructure, or digital economic innovation development pilot zones. Furthermore, KLS and NLF exert significantly positive direct effects, indirect effects, and total effects on GIE in both the short run and the long run. The “Comprehensive National Science Center” policy further confirms the promotion effect. Finally, laboratory construction stimulates catch-up effects in GIE, and there is a substitution effect between KLS and NLF in improving GIE. This study offers theoretical and policy implications for countries transitioning to innovation-driven and low-carbon development.</p>

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The more the better? The role of laboratory construction in facilitating green innovation efficiency

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月22日

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  • Yu He,
  • Zhenzhen Chen,
  • Chang-sheng Xu

摘要

Green innovation efficiency (GIE) serves as a pivotal driver in advancing sustainable development. Although national laboratories function as key innovation platforms, integrating diverse actors to address sustainability challenges, their impact on GIE remains unclear. Utilizing panel data covering China’s 31 provinces (2000–2020), this study applies the spatial Durbin model, mediating effect model, and spatial difference-in-differences model to estimate the effects of laboratory construction on GIE. The results show that both key laboratories (KLS) and national laboratories and reserve forces (NLF) promote GIE. Laboratory construction promotes GIE through R&D agglomeration, technological progress, and industrial upgrading. Moreover, the promotion effect is larger in regions with fewer innovation platforms, southern regions, better business environments, stronger railway infrastructure, or digital economic innovation development pilot zones. Furthermore, KLS and NLF exert significantly positive direct effects, indirect effects, and total effects on GIE in both the short run and the long run. The “Comprehensive National Science Center” policy further confirms the promotion effect. Finally, laboratory construction stimulates catch-up effects in GIE, and there is a substitution effect between KLS and NLF in improving GIE. This study offers theoretical and policy implications for countries transitioning to innovation-driven and low-carbon development.