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<p>This study evaluates the synergistic impact of efficient irrigation, raised bed planting (RBP), and mulching on Indian mustard yield, water use efficiency (WUE), and soil health in the Shivalik Himalayan region. A two-year field experiment was conducted, using factorial combinations of irrigation levels (0.3 to 1.2 IW/CPE ratios), planting methods (flat vs. RBP), and mulching practices. Results showed that the integrated management strategy [1.2 IW/CPE irrigation combined with RBP and mulch application at 5 Mg ha⁻¹] consistently outperformed all other treatment combinations. Productivity increased by 34% and 37.5% under 1.2 IW/CPE × RBP compared to the lowest irrigation-flat bed setup. Nutrient recovery efficiencies increased significantly [105% for N, 107% for P, 114% for K, and 87% for S] under the highest irrigation level. Dry matter accumulation improved by 30.8%, and crop growth rate (CGR) increased by 57% due to mulch application. RBP boosted production efficiency by 11% and 6.8% in consecutive years, while mulching contributed an additional 11% increase. Under mulched conditions, soil organic carbon (SOC) content increased by 7.1%, reaching a level of 0.92%. The findings demonstrate that optimized irrigation scheduling, RBP, and organic mulching can substantially improve mustard productivity, resource use efficiency, and soil fertility. These integrated practices offer a viable strategy for sustainable intensification of mustard cultivation in water-limited regions such as the Shivalik Himalayas.</p>

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Sustainable intensification of Indian mustard: integrating irrigation, planting, and mulching for enhanced yield and soil health in the Shivalik Himalayas, India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月19日

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  • Samar Pal Singh,
  • BS Mahapatra,
  • Amit Kumar,
  • Vijay Singh Meena,
  • Neeshu Joshi

摘要

This study evaluates the synergistic impact of efficient irrigation, raised bed planting (RBP), and mulching on Indian mustard yield, water use efficiency (WUE), and soil health in the Shivalik Himalayan region. A two-year field experiment was conducted, using factorial combinations of irrigation levels (0.3 to 1.2 IW/CPE ratios), planting methods (flat vs. RBP), and mulching practices. Results showed that the integrated management strategy [1.2 IW/CPE irrigation combined with RBP and mulch application at 5 Mg ha⁻¹] consistently outperformed all other treatment combinations. Productivity increased by 34% and 37.5% under 1.2 IW/CPE × RBP compared to the lowest irrigation-flat bed setup. Nutrient recovery efficiencies increased significantly [105% for N, 107% for P, 114% for K, and 87% for S] under the highest irrigation level. Dry matter accumulation improved by 30.8%, and crop growth rate (CGR) increased by 57% due to mulch application. RBP boosted production efficiency by 11% and 6.8% in consecutive years, while mulching contributed an additional 11% increase. Under mulched conditions, soil organic carbon (SOC) content increased by 7.1%, reaching a level of 0.92%. The findings demonstrate that optimized irrigation scheduling, RBP, and organic mulching can substantially improve mustard productivity, resource use efficiency, and soil fertility. These integrated practices offer a viable strategy for sustainable intensification of mustard cultivation in water-limited regions such as the Shivalik Himalayas.