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<p>As China’s economic transformation progresses, the issue of municipal solid waste pollution has become increasingly severe, necessitating urgent and effective mitigation measures. The Zero-Waste City Policy (ZWCP) has received considerable attention as a key initiative to promote urban ecological civilization and alleviate environmental constraints on development. Despite its growing prominence, the impact of the ZWCP on urban Green Total Factor Productivity (GTFP) has yet to be thoroughly investigated. To address this gap, this study leverages panel data from 261 Chinese cities spanning 2014 to 2021. By treating the ZWCP as a quasi-natural experiment, the research employs a Propensity Score Matching-Difference in Differences (PSM-DID) model to assess the policy’s effect on GTFP. The evidence points to a marked increase in urban GTFP due to the ZWCP, and this trend persists even when subjected to various robustness tests. Further insights show that the policy’s effects are particularly evident in cities with lower administrative levels and those rich in resources. Moreover, the research suggests that the boost in urban GTFP is primarily driven by the development of high-tech industries and green technology innovation. Further examination also shows that the pilot policy does not just benefit the initial cities but also significantly enhances the GTFP of nearby urban areas. Based on these findings, this paper recommends that city governments accelerate the refinement of the organizational structure for implementing the ZWCP, facilitate the policy’s transmission channels, and develop differentiated strategies for policy implementation.</p>

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From waste to wealth: evaluating the impact of zero-waste city policy on urban GTFP in China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月19日

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  • Meng Wei,
  • Xinhong Zhang

摘要

As China’s economic transformation progresses, the issue of municipal solid waste pollution has become increasingly severe, necessitating urgent and effective mitigation measures. The Zero-Waste City Policy (ZWCP) has received considerable attention as a key initiative to promote urban ecological civilization and alleviate environmental constraints on development. Despite its growing prominence, the impact of the ZWCP on urban Green Total Factor Productivity (GTFP) has yet to be thoroughly investigated. To address this gap, this study leverages panel data from 261 Chinese cities spanning 2014 to 2021. By treating the ZWCP as a quasi-natural experiment, the research employs a Propensity Score Matching-Difference in Differences (PSM-DID) model to assess the policy’s effect on GTFP. The evidence points to a marked increase in urban GTFP due to the ZWCP, and this trend persists even when subjected to various robustness tests. Further insights show that the policy’s effects are particularly evident in cities with lower administrative levels and those rich in resources. Moreover, the research suggests that the boost in urban GTFP is primarily driven by the development of high-tech industries and green technology innovation. Further examination also shows that the pilot policy does not just benefit the initial cities but also significantly enhances the GTFP of nearby urban areas. Based on these findings, this paper recommends that city governments accelerate the refinement of the organizational structure for implementing the ZWCP, facilitate the policy’s transmission channels, and develop differentiated strategies for policy implementation.