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<p>This study explores the development of three novel 3D woven composite structures (HB-1, HB-2, and HB-3) using hemp spun yarn on a dobby loom to address the poor mechanical properties of 2D woven natural fiber-based structures. The mechanical and viscoelastic properties of green composite samples are evaluated through Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) and Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) tests. HB-3, containing double stitching yarn and 8% nanofillers, consistently outperforms HB-1 and HB-2 in storage modulus, stiffness, and damping properties. Energy absorption values significantly increased with the inclusion of nano clay, from an area under the curve of 4046.96 MPa with 0% nano clay to 7362.02 MPa with 8% nano clay, representing an approximate 81.64% increase. The maximum load capacity also improved, with an increase of approximately 11.1%, 33.3%, and 50% for 2%, 5%, and 8% nano clay, respectively with HB-3 structure as reinforcement. Nanofillers, especially nano clay, enhance mechanical properties, as demonstrated in SHPB tests. The study emphasizes the influence of structural design and fillers on dynamic mechanical performance, and microscopic analysis confirms minimal surface defects in HB-3 with 8% nanofillers. The results underscore the significance of thorough material design for green composites, with HB-3 showing superior performance and promising advancements in eco-friendly materials. These findings provide insights for further research in developing materials with enhanced performance, sustainability, and adaptability across industries.</p>

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Efficacy of sustainable Nano Fillers on the viscoelastic behavior and energy absorption of 3D woven green composites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月2日

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  • Muhammad Arslan Khalid,
  • Tehseen Ullah,
  • Khubab Shaker,
  • Muzzamal Hussain,
  • Muhammad Ayub Asghar,
  • Muhammad Umair

摘要

This study explores the development of three novel 3D woven composite structures (HB-1, HB-2, and HB-3) using hemp spun yarn on a dobby loom to address the poor mechanical properties of 2D woven natural fiber-based structures. The mechanical and viscoelastic properties of green composite samples are evaluated through Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) and Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) tests. HB-3, containing double stitching yarn and 8% nanofillers, consistently outperforms HB-1 and HB-2 in storage modulus, stiffness, and damping properties. Energy absorption values significantly increased with the inclusion of nano clay, from an area under the curve of 4046.96 MPa with 0% nano clay to 7362.02 MPa with 8% nano clay, representing an approximate 81.64% increase. The maximum load capacity also improved, with an increase of approximately 11.1%, 33.3%, and 50% for 2%, 5%, and 8% nano clay, respectively with HB-3 structure as reinforcement. Nanofillers, especially nano clay, enhance mechanical properties, as demonstrated in SHPB tests. The study emphasizes the influence of structural design and fillers on dynamic mechanical performance, and microscopic analysis confirms minimal surface defects in HB-3 with 8% nanofillers. The results underscore the significance of thorough material design for green composites, with HB-3 showing superior performance and promising advancements in eco-friendly materials. These findings provide insights for further research in developing materials with enhanced performance, sustainability, and adaptability across industries.