<p>Water resources in arid zones suffer from spatial distribution imbalance, inefficiency, and high consumption. However, the regional and temporal evolution, as well as the spatial differentiation features of agricultural water and soil resource matching in arid zones, remain unclear, and they mostly focus on water quantity while ignoring agricultural pollution (water quality). In this paper, we take the Tarim River Basin (TRB) as the research object, and use crop water footprint, agricultural water and soil resource matching model, and agricultural available water resource abundance index to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution of blue, green, and grey water footprints, as well as the match of agricultural water and soil resources, to reveal the relationship between crop water demand and irrigation water quantity, and to adjust the crop planting layout. The results show that from 2000 to 2020: (1) The TRB water footprint is increasing from southeast to northwest. The blue-green water and grey water footprints of different crops were different. (2) The matching degree of agricultural water and soil resources in TRB decreased year after year, with a geographical pattern of “high in the north and low in the south, high in the west and low in the east, and low in the edge and high in the hinterland”. (3) The agricultural available water resources index per unit area decreased overall but increased spatially from west to east and south to north. Therefore, cultivated land expansion in the eastern TRB in land-rich and water-poor areas should be limited, high-water-demand crops (cotton) should be decreased, and cash crops such as maize and winter wheat should be raised. The study is significant in successfully easing the contradiction between supply and demand for soil and water resources in arid zones, hence boosting resource utilization efficiency and assuring the long-term use of agricultural soil and water resources.</p>