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<p>The demand for energy resources is rising as a result of energy consumption increasing faster than population growth. The high productivity, the significant lipid concentrations of microalgae, and their ability to grow in adverse environments make them very attractive as feedstocks for biofuels. In this review, the authors discuss microalgae potentials as third-generation biofuels, which include the different cultivation systems, culture modes, alimentation modes, and harvesting technologies for microalgal biomass production before biofuel generation. A comprehensive literature review is conducted to identify relevant studies on microalgae by taking several academic databases to ensure a broad coverage of the literature and focusing on the studies of the last decade to ensure that the review includes the most recent advancements and trends in the field. The extracted data were then analysed to identify common trends, innovations, and gaps in the current research. The findings reveal that microalgae attain a lipid content of almost 10–40%, a yield capacity of 58.7–136.9 kl/ha, and a heating value of 32.73–41.0&#xa0;MJ/kg. The combination of multiple harvesting methods effectively increases the capacity compared to when used individually, as shown by both an increased harvest rate and a reduction in energy consumption. Additionally, pre-treatment methods, including mechanical, thermal, and enzymatic approaches, optimize the conversion of microalgal biomass into various biofuels. Despite these advancements, the transition from laboratory to commercial scale faces challenges, including strain selection, seasonal variations, and cost-effective pre-treatment processes. The commercialization of microalgae-based biofuels will lead to a sustainable and low-carbon future, with potential applications extending to food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Future research should focus on optimizing cultivation conditions, harvesting methods, and pre-treatment techniques to enhance the economic viability and environmental sustainability of microalgal biofuel production.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Exploring the potential and progress of microalgae biomass production, harvesting, and pre-treatment for sustainable biofuel production: a comprehensive review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月18日

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  • Aman Singh Rajpoot,
  • Vikas Shende,
  • Hussain Mohamed Chelladurai,
  • Gaurav Dwivedi,
  • Tikendra Nath Verma,
  • Tushar Choudhary

摘要

The demand for energy resources is rising as a result of energy consumption increasing faster than population growth. The high productivity, the significant lipid concentrations of microalgae, and their ability to grow in adverse environments make them very attractive as feedstocks for biofuels. In this review, the authors discuss microalgae potentials as third-generation biofuels, which include the different cultivation systems, culture modes, alimentation modes, and harvesting technologies for microalgal biomass production before biofuel generation. A comprehensive literature review is conducted to identify relevant studies on microalgae by taking several academic databases to ensure a broad coverage of the literature and focusing on the studies of the last decade to ensure that the review includes the most recent advancements and trends in the field. The extracted data were then analysed to identify common trends, innovations, and gaps in the current research. The findings reveal that microalgae attain a lipid content of almost 10–40%, a yield capacity of 58.7–136.9 kl/ha, and a heating value of 32.73–41.0 MJ/kg. The combination of multiple harvesting methods effectively increases the capacity compared to when used individually, as shown by both an increased harvest rate and a reduction in energy consumption. Additionally, pre-treatment methods, including mechanical, thermal, and enzymatic approaches, optimize the conversion of microalgal biomass into various biofuels. Despite these advancements, the transition from laboratory to commercial scale faces challenges, including strain selection, seasonal variations, and cost-effective pre-treatment processes. The commercialization of microalgae-based biofuels will lead to a sustainable and low-carbon future, with potential applications extending to food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Future research should focus on optimizing cultivation conditions, harvesting methods, and pre-treatment techniques to enhance the economic viability and environmental sustainability of microalgal biofuel production.

Graphical abstract