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<p>The growing demand for rice and international trade has amplified the environmental and health risks associated with pesticide use in rice production, creating a complex network of risk transfer through global trade chains. Understanding how these pesticide-related risks are spatially distributed and transferred is critical for their effective mitigation and for advancing global Sustainable Development Goals. This study utilized the PEST-CHEMGRIDS database to estimate the pesticide footprint of rice production across 199 regions globally for the year 2020. Environmental Impact Quotient (EIQ) and Hazard Quotient (HQ) indices were employed to evaluate the environmental and health risks associated with pesticides in each region. Finally, by integrating international rice trade data, a framework based on complex network theory was adopted to analyze the transference characteristics of environmental and health burdens associated with pesticide use in global rice trade. The findings highlight the roles, positions, and characteristics of various countries and groups within this pesticide transfer network. The findings reveal that in 2020, global rice consumption was associated with 9.6 × 10<sup>4</sup> t of pesticide use, with associated EIQ of 4.1 × 10<sup>9</sup> and HQ of 8.2 × 10<sup>12</sup>. The high intensity of pesticide use in rice-importing countries indicates that the international rice trade helps reduce global pesticide risks. Additionally, most pesticide risks associated with rice production are concentrated in a few countries; the top ten regions with the highest pesticide use account over 70% of the pesticide risks in the global rice production. By identifying the spatial distribution of the pesticide footprints and dynamics of risk transfer, this study highlights the critical role of trade in shaping global pesticide risks and underscores the need for coordinated international efforts to promote sustainable pesticide management. The study provides actionable insights for policymakers, trade stakeholders, and researchers to mitigate pesticide-related risks and advance global sustainability objectives.</p>

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Pesticide risk and network features in international rice trade

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月17日

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  • Yanbi Chen,
  • Xingpeng Chen,
  • Bing Xue

摘要

The growing demand for rice and international trade has amplified the environmental and health risks associated with pesticide use in rice production, creating a complex network of risk transfer through global trade chains. Understanding how these pesticide-related risks are spatially distributed and transferred is critical for their effective mitigation and for advancing global Sustainable Development Goals. This study utilized the PEST-CHEMGRIDS database to estimate the pesticide footprint of rice production across 199 regions globally for the year 2020. Environmental Impact Quotient (EIQ) and Hazard Quotient (HQ) indices were employed to evaluate the environmental and health risks associated with pesticides in each region. Finally, by integrating international rice trade data, a framework based on complex network theory was adopted to analyze the transference characteristics of environmental and health burdens associated with pesticide use in global rice trade. The findings highlight the roles, positions, and characteristics of various countries and groups within this pesticide transfer network. The findings reveal that in 2020, global rice consumption was associated with 9.6 × 104 t of pesticide use, with associated EIQ of 4.1 × 109 and HQ of 8.2 × 1012. The high intensity of pesticide use in rice-importing countries indicates that the international rice trade helps reduce global pesticide risks. Additionally, most pesticide risks associated with rice production are concentrated in a few countries; the top ten regions with the highest pesticide use account over 70% of the pesticide risks in the global rice production. By identifying the spatial distribution of the pesticide footprints and dynamics of risk transfer, this study highlights the critical role of trade in shaping global pesticide risks and underscores the need for coordinated international efforts to promote sustainable pesticide management. The study provides actionable insights for policymakers, trade stakeholders, and researchers to mitigate pesticide-related risks and advance global sustainability objectives.