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<p>Growing concerns about the environmental impact of plastic waste underscore the urgency for innovative and economically viable recycling strategies. This study proposes a novel multi-objective economic production quantity (EPQ) model tailored for horizontal bottle-to-bottle recycling of PET (polyethylene terephthalate), a promising approach within the circular economy. The primary objective of this work is to simultaneously optimize total cost, carbon emissions, and virgin PET usage through an integrated production-inventory framework. The model incorporates a dynamic, demand-responsive structure and integrates green investment, carbon taxation, and inventory deterioration mechanisms to balance economic and environmental goals. A key contribution lies in applying NSGA-II to generate a Pareto front of trade-off solutions, enabling decision-makers to select optimal strategies under competing criteria. Numerical results show that the optimized knee point achieves nearly 39% cost savings, almost 100% reduction in virgin PET usage, and brings carbon emissions down to near-zero levels. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis confirms the model’s robustness under varying parameter conditions. The proposed framework offers practical insights for decision-makers aiming to balance operational efficiency with sustainability objectives, contributing directly to SDG Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Production.</p>

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A Multi-Objective EPQ Model for PET Bottle-to-Bottle Recycling: Balancing Demand Responsiveness, Green Investment, and NSGA-II Optimization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月20日

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  • Prabal Das,
  • Nabendu Sen

摘要

Growing concerns about the environmental impact of plastic waste underscore the urgency for innovative and economically viable recycling strategies. This study proposes a novel multi-objective economic production quantity (EPQ) model tailored for horizontal bottle-to-bottle recycling of PET (polyethylene terephthalate), a promising approach within the circular economy. The primary objective of this work is to simultaneously optimize total cost, carbon emissions, and virgin PET usage through an integrated production-inventory framework. The model incorporates a dynamic, demand-responsive structure and integrates green investment, carbon taxation, and inventory deterioration mechanisms to balance economic and environmental goals. A key contribution lies in applying NSGA-II to generate a Pareto front of trade-off solutions, enabling decision-makers to select optimal strategies under competing criteria. Numerical results show that the optimized knee point achieves nearly 39% cost savings, almost 100% reduction in virgin PET usage, and brings carbon emissions down to near-zero levels. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis confirms the model’s robustness under varying parameter conditions. The proposed framework offers practical insights for decision-makers aiming to balance operational efficiency with sustainability objectives, contributing directly to SDG Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Production.