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<p>Bisphenol A (BPA), a phenolic endocrine-disrupting compound (EDC) usually found in food containers and other plastic components, can interfere in the mechanisms performed by the endocrine system. To predict the occurrence and concentration of BPA in the Pampanga River Basin, a contaminant transport model was generated using the Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP) by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The surface water flow values in the Main Pampanga River (MPR) were approximated using the Hydrologic Engineering Center – Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) by the US Army Corps of Engineers. The concentrations of BPA in selected locations along the MPR were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Calibration and validation of the transport model of BPA revealed that the model is acceptable with Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) greater than 0.5; and since the R-squared value is greater than 0.8, the model is considered to have a good fit. The model also met the criteria for model accuracy with PBIAS values between −25 and + 25. Through the contaminant transport model, the concentration of BPA can be predicted in certain locations in the MPR whenever there are changes in the sources of BPA in the area. Such model can support the environmental monitoring, assessment, and management of critical areas and provide key information to stakeholders and policymakers for evidence-based planning and policymaking.</p>

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Development of bisphenol a contaminant transport model in main Pampanga River, Philippines using HEC-HMS and US EPA WASP

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月28日

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  • Sheila Austero,
  • Charıta Kwan,
  • Kennette Arguelles,
  • Analıza Rollon,
  • Augustus Resurreccıon

摘要

Bisphenol A (BPA), a phenolic endocrine-disrupting compound (EDC) usually found in food containers and other plastic components, can interfere in the mechanisms performed by the endocrine system. To predict the occurrence and concentration of BPA in the Pampanga River Basin, a contaminant transport model was generated using the Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP) by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The surface water flow values in the Main Pampanga River (MPR) were approximated using the Hydrologic Engineering Center – Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) by the US Army Corps of Engineers. The concentrations of BPA in selected locations along the MPR were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Calibration and validation of the transport model of BPA revealed that the model is acceptable with Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) greater than 0.5; and since the R-squared value is greater than 0.8, the model is considered to have a good fit. The model also met the criteria for model accuracy with PBIAS values between −25 and + 25. Through the contaminant transport model, the concentration of BPA can be predicted in certain locations in the MPR whenever there are changes in the sources of BPA in the area. Such model can support the environmental monitoring, assessment, and management of critical areas and provide key information to stakeholders and policymakers for evidence-based planning and policymaking.