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<p>Selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), and iodine (I) are essential micronutrients for human health, yet their bioavailability is governed by environmental geochemical cycling. This study investigates the distribution, migration, and health risks of Se, Zn, and I in the soil–plant–animal continuum of the Yushu region on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. A total of 1706 topsoil, 505 biological samples were collected and analyzed. Spatial interpolation, geographically weighted regression (GWR), bioconcentration/biomagnification factors, and scenario-based dietary exposure models were employed. Results show that soil Se background (0.22&#xa0;mg·kg⁻<sup>1</sup>) is 21% lower than the national average, classifying Yushu as an inherently Se-deficient area. Zn is moderately enriched (background, 83.7&#xa0;mg·kg⁻<sup>1</sup>), while I levels are comparable to national values. GWR modeling revealed that Fe/Al oxide adsorption–desorption processes appear to function as relatively stronger predictors of the spatial distribution of these elements in this alpine environment, compared to soil pH and organic matter. While the moderate explanatory power (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.11–0.18) indicates additional unmeasured factors contribute to spatial heterogeneity, the consistent statistical superiority of mineralogical over biogeochemical models across all three elements suggests Fe/Al oxides provide the baseline geochemical control in this cold, weakly weathered setting. Food chain transfer efficiency diverges between grassland and farmland systems: forages strongly enrich Se and Zn, with further biomagnification in animal viscera, whereas crop systems exhibit extremely low Se transfer (BCF = 0.157). Dietary risk assessment indicates severe Se and I deficiency in farmers, while herders face I deficiency alongside potential Zn excess. Targeted interventions are proposed, including agronomic fortification in farmland, dietary guidance in pastoral areas, and sustained iodized-salt supply. This study provides an integrated geochemical–ecological–health perspective for managing trace-element nutrition in alpine regions.</p>

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Migration and enrichment mechanisms of selenium, zinc, and iodine in the soil–plant–animal continuum of Yushu, Qinghai–Tibet plateau: insights from environmental geochemical factors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月27日

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  • Zhao An,
  • Siqi Han,
  • Tao Wang,
  • Haikui Tong,
  • Li He,
  • Changwei Qi,
  • Qinyu Liu,
  • Sheng Xue,
  • Youning Wei,
  • Yulong Li,
  • Xiaojun Dong

摘要

Selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), and iodine (I) are essential micronutrients for human health, yet their bioavailability is governed by environmental geochemical cycling. This study investigates the distribution, migration, and health risks of Se, Zn, and I in the soil–plant–animal continuum of the Yushu region on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. A total of 1706 topsoil, 505 biological samples were collected and analyzed. Spatial interpolation, geographically weighted regression (GWR), bioconcentration/biomagnification factors, and scenario-based dietary exposure models were employed. Results show that soil Se background (0.22 mg·kg⁻1) is 21% lower than the national average, classifying Yushu as an inherently Se-deficient area. Zn is moderately enriched (background, 83.7 mg·kg⁻1), while I levels are comparable to national values. GWR modeling revealed that Fe/Al oxide adsorption–desorption processes appear to function as relatively stronger predictors of the spatial distribution of these elements in this alpine environment, compared to soil pH and organic matter. While the moderate explanatory power (R2 = 0.11–0.18) indicates additional unmeasured factors contribute to spatial heterogeneity, the consistent statistical superiority of mineralogical over biogeochemical models across all three elements suggests Fe/Al oxides provide the baseline geochemical control in this cold, weakly weathered setting. Food chain transfer efficiency diverges between grassland and farmland systems: forages strongly enrich Se and Zn, with further biomagnification in animal viscera, whereas crop systems exhibit extremely low Se transfer (BCF = 0.157). Dietary risk assessment indicates severe Se and I deficiency in farmers, while herders face I deficiency alongside potential Zn excess. Targeted interventions are proposed, including agronomic fortification in farmland, dietary guidance in pastoral areas, and sustained iodized-salt supply. This study provides an integrated geochemical–ecological–health perspective for managing trace-element nutrition in alpine regions.