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<p>This study identified which carbon and microbe-related indicators best captured land-use contrasts across five systems in the Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve (PBR), Central India: agricultural land (AL), forest land (FL), grassland (GL), orchard land (OL), and urban land (UL). Microbial biomass carbon (MBC), dehydrogenase activity (DHA), microbial quotient (qMic), and physicochemical characteristics were measured in composite topsoil samples (0–15&#xa0;cm) collected from each land-use system. Soil organic carbon (SOC) differed significantly among land use systems (LUSs; Kruskal–Wallis, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). OL showed the highest SOC and the lowest UL. Additionally, MBC varied (ANOVA, <i>p</i> = 0.001), with FL and OL having larger active carbon pools than UL. qMic pattern was lower in UL, indicating reduced microbial allocation. Principal component 1 (PC1) separated urban soils (chemically enriched) from forest/orchard soils (higher SOC and biomass). In this landscape of coarse-textured sandstone, urban soils were distinguished by a combined shift in chemistry and microbial allocation rather than by a single dramatic carbon signal. While grasslands displayed high but uneven oxidative activity, forest and orchard soils retained larger active carbon pools. We identified the most informative indicators for detecting land-use effects.</p>

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Land-use gradients alter active and bulk soil carbon indicators in a coarse-textured sandstone landscape of the Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve, India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月22日

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  • Tanzeel Muzaffar,
  • Biswajit Saha

摘要

This study identified which carbon and microbe-related indicators best captured land-use contrasts across five systems in the Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve (PBR), Central India: agricultural land (AL), forest land (FL), grassland (GL), orchard land (OL), and urban land (UL). Microbial biomass carbon (MBC), dehydrogenase activity (DHA), microbial quotient (qMic), and physicochemical characteristics were measured in composite topsoil samples (0–15 cm) collected from each land-use system. Soil organic carbon (SOC) differed significantly among land use systems (LUSs; Kruskal–Wallis, p < 0.001). OL showed the highest SOC and the lowest UL. Additionally, MBC varied (ANOVA, p = 0.001), with FL and OL having larger active carbon pools than UL. qMic pattern was lower in UL, indicating reduced microbial allocation. Principal component 1 (PC1) separated urban soils (chemically enriched) from forest/orchard soils (higher SOC and biomass). In this landscape of coarse-textured sandstone, urban soils were distinguished by a combined shift in chemistry and microbial allocation rather than by a single dramatic carbon signal. While grasslands displayed high but uneven oxidative activity, forest and orchard soils retained larger active carbon pools. We identified the most informative indicators for detecting land-use effects.