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<p>Air pollution from waste combustion poses serious environmental and public health risks. In Hungary, illegal waste burning in residential stoves remains a significant yet underreported emission source. This study characterizes aerosols in a rapidly expanding rural settlement near Budapest (Solymár), where traffic, biomass burning, and suspected waste combustion are significant contributors to local air pollution. During a 6-week intensive winter campaign in 2025, real-time particle number concentrations, size distributions, and black carbon (BC) levels were measured using an Optical Particle Counter (Grimm 1.109) and a Portable Aethalometer (AE42). Complementary PM<sub>2.5</sub> samples were collected on quartz filters over 24-h intervals and analyzed using thermo-optical methods to quantify organic (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) fractions. Video surveillance supported source interpretation. By separating traffic- and biomass-related aerosol contributions with the Aethalometer model and comparing them with EC and OC time series, we evaluated the suitability of EC and OC as source-specific markers and identified potential illegal waste-burning events. Extreme episodic pollution was observed, with 1-min PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations reaching 212&#xa0;μg/m<sup>3</sup> and BC peaking at 23.8&#xa0;μg/m<sup>3</sup>, far exceeding background levels at a nearby suburban station. Optimizing marker correlations yielded Ångström exponents of αFF = 1.15 and αBB = 2.2, the latter likely elevated by episodic waste-burning contributions. This interpretation is supported by concurrent increases in refractory EC2 fractions during periods deviating from typical biomass-burning patterns. These findings enhance emission inventories and support the development of targeted mitigation strategies, while ongoing work expands marker databases to improve source apportionment.</p>

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Characterization of carbonaceous aerosol particles emitted by solid fuel combustion in rural areas

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月3日

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  • Sally Kheirandish,
  • Bálint Alföldy,
  • Péter Füri,
  • János Osán,
  • Árpád Farkas,
  • Martin Rigler,
  • Asta Gregorič,
  • Veronika Groma

摘要

Air pollution from waste combustion poses serious environmental and public health risks. In Hungary, illegal waste burning in residential stoves remains a significant yet underreported emission source. This study characterizes aerosols in a rapidly expanding rural settlement near Budapest (Solymár), where traffic, biomass burning, and suspected waste combustion are significant contributors to local air pollution. During a 6-week intensive winter campaign in 2025, real-time particle number concentrations, size distributions, and black carbon (BC) levels were measured using an Optical Particle Counter (Grimm 1.109) and a Portable Aethalometer (AE42). Complementary PM2.5 samples were collected on quartz filters over 24-h intervals and analyzed using thermo-optical methods to quantify organic (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) fractions. Video surveillance supported source interpretation. By separating traffic- and biomass-related aerosol contributions with the Aethalometer model and comparing them with EC and OC time series, we evaluated the suitability of EC and OC as source-specific markers and identified potential illegal waste-burning events. Extreme episodic pollution was observed, with 1-min PM2.5 concentrations reaching 212 μg/m3 and BC peaking at 23.8 μg/m3, far exceeding background levels at a nearby suburban station. Optimizing marker correlations yielded Ångström exponents of αFF = 1.15 and αBB = 2.2, the latter likely elevated by episodic waste-burning contributions. This interpretation is supported by concurrent increases in refractory EC2 fractions during periods deviating from typical biomass-burning patterns. These findings enhance emission inventories and support the development of targeted mitigation strategies, while ongoing work expands marker databases to improve source apportionment.