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<p>The Yamuna River is an important freshwater source in northern India that has been highly degraded owing to intense urbanization, industrialization, and unlimited discharge of untreated domestic and industrial effluents. The water samples were collected on a seasonal basis (pre-monsoon, post-monsoon, and winter) at eight strategically located monitoring stations between Sonia Vihar and Majra Sekhpur. The results revealed significantly impaired water quality at all sampling points, with water quality index (WQI) values exceeding 100 at all eight stations, indicating that the water is unsuitable for drinking or agricultural use without proper treatment. Seasonal analysis revealed considerable changes in the water quality parameters. The maximum pollution loads were observed during the pre-monsoon season, with biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) reaching 52&#xa0;mg/l, chemical oxygen demand (COD) reaching 225&#xa0;mg/l, total dissolved solids (TDS) reaching 2950&#xa0;mg/l, and dissolved oxygen (DO) dropping to as low as 1.4&#xa0;mg/l. In the post-monsoon season, there were higher levels of turbidity and nitrates caused by agricultural runoff than in the winter samples, which had comparatively better conditions, with higher levels of DO and lower levels of biological activity. Spatial analysis revealed that Najafgarh, Shahdara, and Okhla were crucial pollution hotspots that were heavily fed on by domestic sewage and industrial effluents. This study highlights the pressing importance of strict pollution control measures, the development of a wastewater treatment system, and cooperation between governmental agencies and local agencies to rehabilitate and preserve the ecological conditions of the Yamuna River.</p>

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Spatiotemporal water quality dynamics of the Yamuna River (Delhi-NCR): a multivariate seasonal assessment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月19日

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  • Viniti Nagar,
  • Maya Kumari,
  • Vipan Kumar Verma,
  • Madhuri Kumari,
  • Manoj Chandra Garg

摘要

The Yamuna River is an important freshwater source in northern India that has been highly degraded owing to intense urbanization, industrialization, and unlimited discharge of untreated domestic and industrial effluents. The water samples were collected on a seasonal basis (pre-monsoon, post-monsoon, and winter) at eight strategically located monitoring stations between Sonia Vihar and Majra Sekhpur. The results revealed significantly impaired water quality at all sampling points, with water quality index (WQI) values exceeding 100 at all eight stations, indicating that the water is unsuitable for drinking or agricultural use without proper treatment. Seasonal analysis revealed considerable changes in the water quality parameters. The maximum pollution loads were observed during the pre-monsoon season, with biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) reaching 52 mg/l, chemical oxygen demand (COD) reaching 225 mg/l, total dissolved solids (TDS) reaching 2950 mg/l, and dissolved oxygen (DO) dropping to as low as 1.4 mg/l. In the post-monsoon season, there were higher levels of turbidity and nitrates caused by agricultural runoff than in the winter samples, which had comparatively better conditions, with higher levels of DO and lower levels of biological activity. Spatial analysis revealed that Najafgarh, Shahdara, and Okhla were crucial pollution hotspots that were heavily fed on by domestic sewage and industrial effluents. This study highlights the pressing importance of strict pollution control measures, the development of a wastewater treatment system, and cooperation between governmental agencies and local agencies to rehabilitate and preserve the ecological conditions of the Yamuna River.