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<p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global concern within the One Health framework, yet the role of synanthropic wild birds in harboring and disseminating resistant bacteria remains underexplored. This study investigated the seasonal diversity and antibiotic resistance profiles of coliform bacteria isolated from fecal samples of Cattle Egrets (<i>Bubulcus ibis</i>) inhabiting urban environments of Udaipur, Rajasthan, India. A total of 45 fecal samples (15 per season) were collected across monsoon, winter, and summer between July 2022 and June 2023. Sixty bacterial isolates were obtained and characterized through biochemical assays and 16S rRNA sequencing, identifying six genera: <i>Escherichia</i>, <i>Enterobacter</i>, <i>Klebsiella</i>, <i>Proteus</i>, <i>Salmonella</i>, and <i>Shigella</i>. <i>Escherichia coli</i> was the most prevalent species (66.7%), followed by <i>Enterobacter</i> spp. and others. <i>Enterobacter chuandaensis</i> and <i>Escherichia fergusonii</i> were the novel bacteria in this species. Although seasonal variation in total coliform counts was not significant, bacterial community composition differed across seasons. Antibiotic susceptibility testing against 15 antibiotics revealed high resistance to linezolid (100%), rifampicin (100%), and erythromycin (46%), while gentamicin remained effective. Overall, 33.3% of isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR), with <i>E. coli</i> showing the highest resistance. These findings underscore the potential of urban-dwelling Cattle Egrets to act as reservoirs and vectors of AMR, highlighting the need for expanded genomic surveillance and integrated management within the One Health paradigm.</p>

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Seasonal dynamics of coliform diversity and antibiotic resistance in city-dwelling Cattle Egrets (Bubulcus ibis) in Udaipur, India: implications for One Health

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月30日

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  • Alka Kumari,
  • Namita Ashish Singh,
  • Vijay Kumar Koli

摘要

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global concern within the One Health framework, yet the role of synanthropic wild birds in harboring and disseminating resistant bacteria remains underexplored. This study investigated the seasonal diversity and antibiotic resistance profiles of coliform bacteria isolated from fecal samples of Cattle Egrets (Bubulcus ibis) inhabiting urban environments of Udaipur, Rajasthan, India. A total of 45 fecal samples (15 per season) were collected across monsoon, winter, and summer between July 2022 and June 2023. Sixty bacterial isolates were obtained and characterized through biochemical assays and 16S rRNA sequencing, identifying six genera: Escherichia, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Proteus, Salmonella, and Shigella. Escherichia coli was the most prevalent species (66.7%), followed by Enterobacter spp. and others. Enterobacter chuandaensis and Escherichia fergusonii were the novel bacteria in this species. Although seasonal variation in total coliform counts was not significant, bacterial community composition differed across seasons. Antibiotic susceptibility testing against 15 antibiotics revealed high resistance to linezolid (100%), rifampicin (100%), and erythromycin (46%), while gentamicin remained effective. Overall, 33.3% of isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR), with E. coli showing the highest resistance. These findings underscore the potential of urban-dwelling Cattle Egrets to act as reservoirs and vectors of AMR, highlighting the need for expanded genomic surveillance and integrated management within the One Health paradigm.