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<p>Soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are the major elements of the global bio-geochemical cycle and have a great impact on environmental quality, soil fertility, ecosystem productivity, sustainable agriculture, and in addressing climate change. The present study focuses on the spatial distribution patterns and the drivers of total soil carbon (SC) and total nitrogen (TN) in the rice paddy cropping system of Western Himalayas, Jammu and Kashmir. Soil samples were collected from three depths (0–10, 10–20, and 20–30&#xa0;cm) from 165 sampling points across 10 districts for the estimation of SC and TN using a CHNS analyzer. The average SC and TN were 56.3&#xa0;Mg C ha<sup>−1</sup> and 5.3&#xa0;Mg N ha<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, in the top 30&#xa0;cm of soils. Both SC and TN showed a negative trend with increasing soil depth. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that among structural attributes, paddy biomass components (paddy density, shoot, and root stock) exhibited a significant positive correlation with both SC and TN. In terms of environmental factors, C:N, EC, NDMI, and SMI showed a significant positive trend, whereas MAP, BD, and elevation had a significant negative association with SC and TN. The PCA accounted for 81.5% and 74.3% of variance for SC and TN, respectively. This study reveals that SC and TN storage are synergistically driven by structural attributes, edaphic, and climatic factors. These findings would be indispensable for long-term planning and monitoring programs to enhance and manage SC and TN storage in rice paddies of temperate croplands under changing climate for carbon crediting.</p>

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Assessment and drivers of total soil carbon and nitrogen storage in rice paddy cropping system of Western Himalayas, India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月6日

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  • Shairq Irtiqa,
  • Satendra Kumar Rathaude,
  • Subashree Kothandaraman,
  • Javid Ahmad Dar

摘要

Soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are the major elements of the global bio-geochemical cycle and have a great impact on environmental quality, soil fertility, ecosystem productivity, sustainable agriculture, and in addressing climate change. The present study focuses on the spatial distribution patterns and the drivers of total soil carbon (SC) and total nitrogen (TN) in the rice paddy cropping system of Western Himalayas, Jammu and Kashmir. Soil samples were collected from three depths (0–10, 10–20, and 20–30 cm) from 165 sampling points across 10 districts for the estimation of SC and TN using a CHNS analyzer. The average SC and TN were 56.3 Mg C ha−1 and 5.3 Mg N ha−1, respectively, in the top 30 cm of soils. Both SC and TN showed a negative trend with increasing soil depth. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that among structural attributes, paddy biomass components (paddy density, shoot, and root stock) exhibited a significant positive correlation with both SC and TN. In terms of environmental factors, C:N, EC, NDMI, and SMI showed a significant positive trend, whereas MAP, BD, and elevation had a significant negative association with SC and TN. The PCA accounted for 81.5% and 74.3% of variance for SC and TN, respectively. This study reveals that SC and TN storage are synergistically driven by structural attributes, edaphic, and climatic factors. These findings would be indispensable for long-term planning and monitoring programs to enhance and manage SC and TN storage in rice paddies of temperate croplands under changing climate for carbon crediting.