<p>Soil carbon is an essential aspect of ecosystem health, acting to alter nutrient cycling, agricultural yields, and climatic regulation through carbon dioxide sequestration from the atmosphere in stable organic moieties. To measure current stocks, define the distribution of soil carbon in space and depth, and create efficient management strategies, precise soil carbon characterisation is necessary. This review aims to address the current fragmentation in methods and practices across agroecosystems, attempts to summarise recent developments in soil carbon monitoring tools and critically assess soil carbon management strategies that improve carbon sequestration and support climate-smart agriculture. High-resolution proximal sensing, remote and satellite-based digital soil mapping, and gamma-ray spectroscopy have transformed monitoring with quick, spatially explicit, and field-scale data, even though more traditional techniques like dry combustion and wet chemical analysis are still crucial. Conservation tillage, cover crops, varied crop rotations, and organic manures are examples of soil carbon opportunity areas that work together to improve the soil’s fertility, structure, and ability to withstand erosion. Long-term sequestration can also be accomplished by innovative technologies, such as the use of biochar and precise nutrient delivery, as well as land-use planning, such as the conversion of degraded soils to perennial crops. Notwithstanding these advantages, regional heterogeneity, the reversibility and slowness of the sequestration process, and the requirement for further implementation of the best practices present certain difficulties. A preferred strategy to raise soil carbon levels, support sustainable food security and agriculture, and lessen global climate change is to include modern evaluation tools with enabling policies, capacity building, and incentive mechanisms like carbon credits.</p>