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<p>Roadside areas have become obvious sinks of waste dumping and deposition of emissions, wear and tear of vehicular parts in urban industrial areas in India, and exposure to metal-polluted roadside dust (RSD) poses a serious threat to human health and the environment. Here, RSD of the Singrauli power belt in Central India was investigated to assess metal pollution and human health risks. Metals were significantly elevated in RSD compared to the background local surface sediments (LSS). Average enrichment ratio (ER:Sample/LSS) varied in the order: Pb(4.5) &gt; Cr(3.6) &gt; Zn(2.5) &gt; Cu(2.3) &gt; Co(2.0) &gt; Mn(1.7) &gt; Ni(1.2). Compared to the coarse size fraction (&gt; 63&#xa0;µm), the finer fraction (&lt; 63&#xa0;µm) constituted 18–27% of the total mass of RSD but accounted for &gt; 75% of total metal contents and exhibited a high metal ER in the range of 1.3–2.2 for all metals. Spatial metal distribution was wide spread in the area, with certain hotspots in/around the close proximity to industrial operations and mining. Contamination factor, pollution load index, and geo-accumulation index suggested that the RSD were moderately to heavily polluted for Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn. Multivariate statistical analysis suggested that Zn, Pb, Cr, and Cu were strongly linked to anthropogenic sources, while Ni and Co were ascribed to both anthropogenic and lithogenic sources. The hazard index of metals indicated a high degree of non-carcinogenic health risk of Cr and Pb to children. Carcinogenic risk was greater than the acceptable level, with ingestion as the major pathway. Chromium posed the highest carcinogenic risk. Contaminated RSD could be a potential source of metals in soil and water over time and changing environmental conditions.</p>

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Metal pollution in roadside dust of Singrauli power belt in central India and associated human health risk

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月20日

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  • Rakesh Kumar,
  • Sudesh Yadav,
  • Anju Verma,
  • Sushil Kumar

摘要

Roadside areas have become obvious sinks of waste dumping and deposition of emissions, wear and tear of vehicular parts in urban industrial areas in India, and exposure to metal-polluted roadside dust (RSD) poses a serious threat to human health and the environment. Here, RSD of the Singrauli power belt in Central India was investigated to assess metal pollution and human health risks. Metals were significantly elevated in RSD compared to the background local surface sediments (LSS). Average enrichment ratio (ER:Sample/LSS) varied in the order: Pb(4.5) > Cr(3.6) > Zn(2.5) > Cu(2.3) > Co(2.0) > Mn(1.7) > Ni(1.2). Compared to the coarse size fraction (> 63 µm), the finer fraction (< 63 µm) constituted 18–27% of the total mass of RSD but accounted for > 75% of total metal contents and exhibited a high metal ER in the range of 1.3–2.2 for all metals. Spatial metal distribution was wide spread in the area, with certain hotspots in/around the close proximity to industrial operations and mining. Contamination factor, pollution load index, and geo-accumulation index suggested that the RSD were moderately to heavily polluted for Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn. Multivariate statistical analysis suggested that Zn, Pb, Cr, and Cu were strongly linked to anthropogenic sources, while Ni and Co were ascribed to both anthropogenic and lithogenic sources. The hazard index of metals indicated a high degree of non-carcinogenic health risk of Cr and Pb to children. Carcinogenic risk was greater than the acceptable level, with ingestion as the major pathway. Chromium posed the highest carcinogenic risk. Contaminated RSD could be a potential source of metals in soil and water over time and changing environmental conditions.