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<p>The pollution in Caohai Lake, a small section in the north of Dianchi Lake, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China, has increased in severity in recent years. We extracted sediment cores from four sampling points in Caohai Lake. We then determined the total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), total carbon (TC), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) concentrations; the organic matter content (OM), and the carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio at different depths in the sediment cores. We evaluated the ecological risk from the heavy metals in the sediments with the geoaccumulation index and the potential ecological risk index. Overall, the study area was slightly polluted by heavy metals. The potential ecological risk index values indicated slight ecological hazards from all six heavy metals, with the highest risks from Cu and Pb. The combined potential ecological hazard index for the four sites was low. Correlation analysis showed that some of the heavy metals were strongly correlated, which indicated similar sources. The average total phosphorus (TP) concentration and the average mass ratio of OM in the sediments of Caohai Lake were 714.67&#xa0;mg/kg and 28.92%, respectively. The TN and TC levels in Caohai Lake were high and varied considerably with depth, but were stable at a depth of about 1.3&#xa0;m. We compared the data for different depths in the sediment cores and found that the TN/TC mass ratio was much higher in the surface sediments than in the deeper layers. The C/N ratio averaged 14, which indicates that the OM in Caohai Lake was from a mixture of sources.</p>

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Environmental implications of nutrients and heavy metals accumulation in plateau lake sediment: a case study from Yunnan Province, China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月5日

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  • Guomin Chen,
  • Zhixin Song,
  • Chao Zhang,
  • Xueping Gao,
  • Bowen Sun,
  • Baoqing Shan

摘要

The pollution in Caohai Lake, a small section in the north of Dianchi Lake, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China, has increased in severity in recent years. We extracted sediment cores from four sampling points in Caohai Lake. We then determined the total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), total carbon (TC), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) concentrations; the organic matter content (OM), and the carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio at different depths in the sediment cores. We evaluated the ecological risk from the heavy metals in the sediments with the geoaccumulation index and the potential ecological risk index. Overall, the study area was slightly polluted by heavy metals. The potential ecological risk index values indicated slight ecological hazards from all six heavy metals, with the highest risks from Cu and Pb. The combined potential ecological hazard index for the four sites was low. Correlation analysis showed that some of the heavy metals were strongly correlated, which indicated similar sources. The average total phosphorus (TP) concentration and the average mass ratio of OM in the sediments of Caohai Lake were 714.67 mg/kg and 28.92%, respectively. The TN and TC levels in Caohai Lake were high and varied considerably with depth, but were stable at a depth of about 1.3 m. We compared the data for different depths in the sediment cores and found that the TN/TC mass ratio was much higher in the surface sediments than in the deeper layers. The C/N ratio averaged 14, which indicates that the OM in Caohai Lake was from a mixture of sources.