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<p>This study focuses on the effects of metal pollution, particularly cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), on schoolchildren in Gabes region in Tunisia as a case study, which is affected by industrial phosphate transformation pollution since 1976. The objective was to assess the biological impact of metal exposure on children by evaluating levels of these metals in biological matrices between exposed and control groups. The blood and urine samples were analyzed for Cd and Pb using an atomic absorption spectrometer. The results showed significantly higher blood and urinary Cd and blood-Pb levels in children from the exposed area compared to those from the control region (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Interestingly, heavy metals were under admissible limits in agricultural product samples of exposed areas, suggesting that the essential contamination source is atmospheric, not food related. The study also examined hematological markers, revealing a significant reduction in red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and neutrophils in exposed children compared to controls (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In contrast, monocyte levels were significantly higher in exposed children (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Despite these changes, the average biological parameters in the exposed group fell within normal ranges. This emphasizes the role of heavy metals atmospheric exposure like cadmium and lead as a primary risk factor.</p>

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Environmental monitoring and bioassessment of schoolchildren’s exposure to lead and cadmium from industrial pollution

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月10日

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  • Helmi E.,
  • Araoud M.,
  • Nouioui M.A.,
  • Taieb D.,
  • Bardi H.,
  • Nacef T.,
  • Hedhili A.

摘要

This study focuses on the effects of metal pollution, particularly cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), on schoolchildren in Gabes region in Tunisia as a case study, which is affected by industrial phosphate transformation pollution since 1976. The objective was to assess the biological impact of metal exposure on children by evaluating levels of these metals in biological matrices between exposed and control groups. The blood and urine samples were analyzed for Cd and Pb using an atomic absorption spectrometer. The results showed significantly higher blood and urinary Cd and blood-Pb levels in children from the exposed area compared to those from the control region (p < 0.001). Interestingly, heavy metals were under admissible limits in agricultural product samples of exposed areas, suggesting that the essential contamination source is atmospheric, not food related. The study also examined hematological markers, revealing a significant reduction in red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and neutrophils in exposed children compared to controls (p < 0.05). In contrast, monocyte levels were significantly higher in exposed children (p < 0.001). Despite these changes, the average biological parameters in the exposed group fell within normal ranges. This emphasizes the role of heavy metals atmospheric exposure like cadmium and lead as a primary risk factor.