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<p>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can be adsorbed onto particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere. However, few studies have profiled and compared the distribution, sources, and health risks of PAHs associated with smaller particle sizes (i.e., PM<sub>1</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub>). To address this gap, we collected ambient PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>1</sub> samples from 89 schools across six cities in the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong province, China, during April to June and October to December 2018. We characterized 18 PM-bound PAHs by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Diagnostic ratios and positive matrix factorization (PMF) were employed to identify source apportionment. We assessed the health risks of PAHs via incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR), carcinogenic loss of life expectancy (LLE), and non-carcinogenic hazard index (HI). Results showed that, in monitoring cities, the average concentration of 18 PM<sub>2.5</sub>-bound PAHs was 6.75 (range: 1.26–24.8) ng/m<sup>3</sup> in winter and 3.59 (range: 0.6–16.3) ng/m<sup>3</sup> in summer, while PM<sub>1</sub>-bound PAH concentration in winter was 5.39 (range: 1.05–21.9) ng/m<sup>3</sup>. High-molecular-weight PAHs predominated, with elevated levels observed in winter and in the central and western regions, particularly in PM<sub>1</sub> samples. The primary source of PM-bound PAHs was petroleum combustion, mainly attributed to vehicle exhausts. Health risk assessment indicated that carcinogenic toxicity did not show significant differences between PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>1</sub>-bound PAHs. Finally, our study expands the existing knowledge of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>1</sub>-bound PAH contamination in the atmospheric environment.</p>

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Distribution, sources, and health risks of PM2.5 and PM1-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Pearl River Delta

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月18日

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  • Guang-Hong Zhai,
  • Yue Wen,
  • Mo Yang,
  • Qi-Zhen Wu,
  • Wan-Ting He,
  • Li-Xia Liang,
  • Le-Bing Wang,
  • Yun-Ting Zhang,
  • Jing-Wen Huang,
  • Jia-Xin Zhou,
  • Min Li,
  • Gao Meng,
  • Guang-Hui Dong,
  • Li-Zi Lin

摘要

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can be adsorbed onto particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere. However, few studies have profiled and compared the distribution, sources, and health risks of PAHs associated with smaller particle sizes (i.e., PM1 and PM2.5). To address this gap, we collected ambient PM2.5 and PM1 samples from 89 schools across six cities in the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong province, China, during April to June and October to December 2018. We characterized 18 PM-bound PAHs by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Diagnostic ratios and positive matrix factorization (PMF) were employed to identify source apportionment. We assessed the health risks of PAHs via incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR), carcinogenic loss of life expectancy (LLE), and non-carcinogenic hazard index (HI). Results showed that, in monitoring cities, the average concentration of 18 PM2.5-bound PAHs was 6.75 (range: 1.26–24.8) ng/m3 in winter and 3.59 (range: 0.6–16.3) ng/m3 in summer, while PM1-bound PAH concentration in winter was 5.39 (range: 1.05–21.9) ng/m3. High-molecular-weight PAHs predominated, with elevated levels observed in winter and in the central and western regions, particularly in PM1 samples. The primary source of PM-bound PAHs was petroleum combustion, mainly attributed to vehicle exhausts. Health risk assessment indicated that carcinogenic toxicity did not show significant differences between PM2.5 and PM1-bound PAHs. Finally, our study expands the existing knowledge of PM2.5 and PM1-bound PAH contamination in the atmospheric environment.