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<p>Assessing the effectiveness of restoration requires monitoring data. However, the collection of such data is subject to bias, making it difficult to distinguish between actual changes in the environment and variability in the conditions under which the data were collected. Metadata, which provide contextual information about data collection and compilation, are essential for analyzing data and accounting for potential collection biases. Given the lack of specific standards for describing and storing ecological restoration monitoring data, we questioned whether current data standards are sufficient for this purpose. A literature review was conducted to 1/provide a non-exhaustive list of metadata required to describe the restoration monitoring data collection process, with a focus on species data collection and 2/identify the main standards currently used to store ecological data at international, European and national (France) levels. We found that the most commonly used standards are DarwinCore, the Ecological Metadata Standard (EML), the Humboldt extension, the FGDC Biological Data Profile worldwide, the European INSPIRE standard in Europe, and the Système d'Information du Patrimoine Naturel (SINP) in France. Finally, we compared our list of metadata from the literature review and the list of metadata from the main standards. Our results indicate that (i) these standards are applicable to a wide range of biological and ecological data, (ii) they are not specifically designed for monitoring data, and (iii) they do not include enough fields for a complete description of these data. Our list of metadata could therefore complement the main metadata standards for describing and storing restoration monitoring data.</p>

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Why new metadata? Avenues for improvement in the describing and storing of restoration monitoring data

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月5日

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  • Alexis Deschler,
  • Stéphanie Gaucherand,
  • Véronique Gouraud,
  • Noëlie Maurel,
  • Laure Santoni,
  • Brian Padilla

摘要

Assessing the effectiveness of restoration requires monitoring data. However, the collection of such data is subject to bias, making it difficult to distinguish between actual changes in the environment and variability in the conditions under which the data were collected. Metadata, which provide contextual information about data collection and compilation, are essential for analyzing data and accounting for potential collection biases. Given the lack of specific standards for describing and storing ecological restoration monitoring data, we questioned whether current data standards are sufficient for this purpose. A literature review was conducted to 1/provide a non-exhaustive list of metadata required to describe the restoration monitoring data collection process, with a focus on species data collection and 2/identify the main standards currently used to store ecological data at international, European and national (France) levels. We found that the most commonly used standards are DarwinCore, the Ecological Metadata Standard (EML), the Humboldt extension, the FGDC Biological Data Profile worldwide, the European INSPIRE standard in Europe, and the Système d'Information du Patrimoine Naturel (SINP) in France. Finally, we compared our list of metadata from the literature review and the list of metadata from the main standards. Our results indicate that (i) these standards are applicable to a wide range of biological and ecological data, (ii) they are not specifically designed for monitoring data, and (iii) they do not include enough fields for a complete description of these data. Our list of metadata could therefore complement the main metadata standards for describing and storing restoration monitoring data.