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<p>Rapid urbanization and poor sewage infrastructure are intensifying mosquito breeding in Indian cities, heightening the risk of vector-borne diseases. This study investigates the relationship between sewage-contaminated environments and mosquito proliferation across four urban sites in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. Entomological indices—House Index (<i>HI</i> 24.7–31.8%), Container Index (<i>CI</i> 28.5–38.1%), and Breteau Index (<i>BI</i> 34.2–46.7%)—revealed high larval prevalence. Water bodies in polluted areas exhibited critical quality degradation, including elevated biological oxygen demand (<i>BOD</i> up to 12.6&#xa0;mg/L) and low dissolved oxygen (<i>DO</i> as low as 1.2&#xa0;mg/L). Molecular identification using polymerase chain reaction (<i>PCR</i>) confirmed the dominance of <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i> and <i>Aedes aegypti</i>. Statistical analysis showed strong correlations between larval density and water quality parameters (e.g., <i>r</i> = 0.82 for <i>BOD</i>, <i>r</i> = –0.76 for <i>DO</i>). Larval density was negligible in treated wastewater zones, highlighting the protective role of proper sanitation. Although the study is limited to pre- and post-monsoon sampling within Coimbatore, the findings offer actionable insights for integrated vector management (IVM) and GIS-based surveillance strategies to guide urban mosquito control policies.</p>

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Sewage-driven mosquito proliferation in Urban India: a molecular and environmental correlation study in Coimbatore

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月11日

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  • Antony Godson,
  • Arul Kumar

摘要

Rapid urbanization and poor sewage infrastructure are intensifying mosquito breeding in Indian cities, heightening the risk of vector-borne diseases. This study investigates the relationship between sewage-contaminated environments and mosquito proliferation across four urban sites in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. Entomological indices—House Index (HI 24.7–31.8%), Container Index (CI 28.5–38.1%), and Breteau Index (BI 34.2–46.7%)—revealed high larval prevalence. Water bodies in polluted areas exhibited critical quality degradation, including elevated biological oxygen demand (BOD up to 12.6 mg/L) and low dissolved oxygen (DO as low as 1.2 mg/L). Molecular identification using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed the dominance of Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti. Statistical analysis showed strong correlations between larval density and water quality parameters (e.g., r = 0.82 for BOD, r = –0.76 for DO). Larval density was negligible in treated wastewater zones, highlighting the protective role of proper sanitation. Although the study is limited to pre- and post-monsoon sampling within Coimbatore, the findings offer actionable insights for integrated vector management (IVM) and GIS-based surveillance strategies to guide urban mosquito control policies.