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<p>The current investigation analyzed the population dynamics of vegetation in the severely dust-polluted environment of the stone crushing industry in the Kirana Hills of Sargodha. Data pertaining to dust levels, soil composition, and vegetation characteristics were systematically collected from all the study sites throughout the year to explore the seasonal fluctuations in the plant community structure and the underlying determinants of these variations. Heavy metal analysis revealed increased concentrations of all heavy metals at the most heavily dust-polluted sites, particularly during the winter season. Distinct soil compositions were observed across different sites and seasons, as indicated by the results of the soil analyses. Herbs were systematically collected from all the studied sites in every season to examine the seasonal variations in the morphoanatomical, biochemical, and physiological attributes of the vegetation, alongside heavy metal concentrations. The morphoanatomical features of all the plants in highly polluted areas presented significant alterations in the winter. Nonetheless, these plants displayed notable levels of sclerification in their leaves, roots, and stems, along with the presence of large aerenchyma cells in their roots, adaptations that facilitate their survival in harsh and polluted environments. Moreover, enzymatic, nonenzymatic, and osmoprotective antioxidant activities were notably elevated at heavily dust-laden sites, predominantly during the winter. These adaptations contribute to the resilience of local vegetation in severely dust-polluted environments. The heavy metal concentrations in all the studied ecotypes increased in highly dust-prone areas, especially during the winter, possibly because of phytoaccumulation.</p>

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Determination of heavy metals and morphoanatomical characteristics of the monocots Aristida mutabilis and Cenchrus ciliaris in the dust-contaminated stone crushing industry of Sargodha, Pakistan

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月4日

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  • Muhammad Asim Sultan,
  • Iftikhar Ahmad,
  • Muhammad Arif,
  • Saud Alamri,
  • Manzer H Siddiqui,
  • Saima Sadaf,
  • Muhammd Kamran

摘要

The current investigation analyzed the population dynamics of vegetation in the severely dust-polluted environment of the stone crushing industry in the Kirana Hills of Sargodha. Data pertaining to dust levels, soil composition, and vegetation characteristics were systematically collected from all the study sites throughout the year to explore the seasonal fluctuations in the plant community structure and the underlying determinants of these variations. Heavy metal analysis revealed increased concentrations of all heavy metals at the most heavily dust-polluted sites, particularly during the winter season. Distinct soil compositions were observed across different sites and seasons, as indicated by the results of the soil analyses. Herbs were systematically collected from all the studied sites in every season to examine the seasonal variations in the morphoanatomical, biochemical, and physiological attributes of the vegetation, alongside heavy metal concentrations. The morphoanatomical features of all the plants in highly polluted areas presented significant alterations in the winter. Nonetheless, these plants displayed notable levels of sclerification in their leaves, roots, and stems, along with the presence of large aerenchyma cells in their roots, adaptations that facilitate their survival in harsh and polluted environments. Moreover, enzymatic, nonenzymatic, and osmoprotective antioxidant activities were notably elevated at heavily dust-laden sites, predominantly during the winter. These adaptations contribute to the resilience of local vegetation in severely dust-polluted environments. The heavy metal concentrations in all the studied ecotypes increased in highly dust-prone areas, especially during the winter, possibly because of phytoaccumulation.