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<p>The COVID-19 pandemic led to temporary environmental improvements, including changes in urban lake ecosystems. This study investigated spatiotemporal variations in phycocyanin concentrations in East Lake, Wuhan, from March to September (2018–2022), using generalized additive model (GAM) with Landsat-8 imagery to assess changes before, during, and after the lockdown. The GAM model exhibited strong predictive accuracy (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.967, RMSE = 1.637&#xa0;μg/L) for phycocyanin estimation, particularly with lake-specific site data. Results revealed significant phycocyanin reductions in 2020, particularly in TL, SG, and GZ lakes, concurrent with reduced human activity during the lockdown. However, phycocyanin levels rebounded post-lockdown, with variations across sub-lakes, indicating that temporary reductions in human activity alone were insufficient for sustained water quality improvement. Further analysis showed that long-term conservation strategies played a decisive role in the continued water quality improvements observed in 2022. Key interventions included increasing aquatic vegetation cover (from 0.9% in 2017 to 3.3% in 2019), implementing wastewater regulations, dredging lake sediments, and improving runoff management. These efforts contributed to reduced nutrient accumulation and greater ecosystem stability, reinforcing the importance of proactive watershed management over short-term activity restrictions. This study highlights the interplay between human activity, remote sensing-based water quality monitoring, and policy-driven conservation strategies. The findings provide a framework for sustainable lake management and offer valuable insights for future ecological monitoring and policy-making.</p>

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Tracking phycocyanin dynamics in East Lake using Landsat-8 and generalized additive models: impact of COVID-19 and conservation efforts

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月20日

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  • Jincan Tang,
  • Wen-Wen Liu,
  • Ran Li,
  • Enmin Zhao,
  • Yi-Ming Kuo

摘要

The COVID-19 pandemic led to temporary environmental improvements, including changes in urban lake ecosystems. This study investigated spatiotemporal variations in phycocyanin concentrations in East Lake, Wuhan, from March to September (2018–2022), using generalized additive model (GAM) with Landsat-8 imagery to assess changes before, during, and after the lockdown. The GAM model exhibited strong predictive accuracy (R2 = 0.967, RMSE = 1.637 μg/L) for phycocyanin estimation, particularly with lake-specific site data. Results revealed significant phycocyanin reductions in 2020, particularly in TL, SG, and GZ lakes, concurrent with reduced human activity during the lockdown. However, phycocyanin levels rebounded post-lockdown, with variations across sub-lakes, indicating that temporary reductions in human activity alone were insufficient for sustained water quality improvement. Further analysis showed that long-term conservation strategies played a decisive role in the continued water quality improvements observed in 2022. Key interventions included increasing aquatic vegetation cover (from 0.9% in 2017 to 3.3% in 2019), implementing wastewater regulations, dredging lake sediments, and improving runoff management. These efforts contributed to reduced nutrient accumulation and greater ecosystem stability, reinforcing the importance of proactive watershed management over short-term activity restrictions. This study highlights the interplay between human activity, remote sensing-based water quality monitoring, and policy-driven conservation strategies. The findings provide a framework for sustainable lake management and offer valuable insights for future ecological monitoring and policy-making.