Shells as Constrained Fibre Bundles
摘要
Regarding a shell as the natural restriction of the Euclidean frame bundle to an embedded surface, and further restricting its deformation so that the surface tangent planes be preserved, a first-order (simple) material behaviour leads automatically to a theory that includes strain gradients. Using the principle of virtual work, the weak and strong forms of the shell equilibrium equations and boundary conditions are derived. A comparison with other higher gradient theories is carried out and commented upon. An important outcome of the proposed geometric framework is that the gradient of curvature does not emerge as an independent contribution in the resulting higher-gradient shell formulation.