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<p>This work aimed to explore the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by native endophytic fungus strains of salak palm (<i>Salacca</i> sp.) healthy seedlings for the biological control of a devastating black rot disease affecting its fruit after harvest. The rot was caused by a mold, <i>Thielaviopsis paradoxa</i>. Using an indirect confrontation assay, <i>Fusarium</i> sp. AP1, isolated from roots, was determined to be the most suppressive strain with a growth relative to control (GRC) of 58.19%. This strain was molecularly identified as <i>Fusarium solani</i>. According to a volatolomics analysis utilizing headspace GC–MS, the strain's most prevalent VOC was 3-methyl-1-butanol (56.82%), followed by 3-methyl-1-pentanol (22.4%), (S)-2-amino-1-propanol (4.57%), and 3-methyl-1-butanol acetate (4.39%). When the pathogen was exposed to AP1 volatilome and 3-methyl-1-butanol, its hyphal width was greatly reduced by 64.78 and 77.50%, respectively. Furthermore, the interaction with AP1 volatilome significantly diminished lesion tissue in pre-infected fruit by up to 32.97% after 7&#xa0;days of storage at room temperature, in contrast to 60.31% observed in the absence of antagonistic volatiles. In conclusion, VOCs from <i>Fusarium</i> sp. AP1 have potential for the biocontrol of postharvest black rot of snake fruit, hence prolonging the fruit's shelf life.</p>

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Volatile organic compounds from fungal endophytes isolated from salak palm seedlings as a biocontrol countermeasure to reduce postharvest black rot of salak fruit

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月23日

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  • Toga Pangihotan Napitupulu,
  • Aurelia Christabel Sumakul,
  • Muhammad Ilyas

摘要

This work aimed to explore the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by native endophytic fungus strains of salak palm (Salacca sp.) healthy seedlings for the biological control of a devastating black rot disease affecting its fruit after harvest. The rot was caused by a mold, Thielaviopsis paradoxa. Using an indirect confrontation assay, Fusarium sp. AP1, isolated from roots, was determined to be the most suppressive strain with a growth relative to control (GRC) of 58.19%. This strain was molecularly identified as Fusarium solani. According to a volatolomics analysis utilizing headspace GC–MS, the strain's most prevalent VOC was 3-methyl-1-butanol (56.82%), followed by 3-methyl-1-pentanol (22.4%), (S)-2-amino-1-propanol (4.57%), and 3-methyl-1-butanol acetate (4.39%). When the pathogen was exposed to AP1 volatilome and 3-methyl-1-butanol, its hyphal width was greatly reduced by 64.78 and 77.50%, respectively. Furthermore, the interaction with AP1 volatilome significantly diminished lesion tissue in pre-infected fruit by up to 32.97% after 7 days of storage at room temperature, in contrast to 60.31% observed in the absence of antagonistic volatiles. In conclusion, VOCs from Fusarium sp. AP1 have potential for the biocontrol of postharvest black rot of snake fruit, hence prolonging the fruit's shelf life.