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<p>Bacterial leaf blight (BLB), caused by <i>Xanthomonas oryzae</i> pv. <i>oryzae</i> (Xoo), threatens global rice production, necessitating sustainable alternatives to chemical control. This study evaluated a native six-strains PGPR consortium (<i>Pseudomonas fluorescens,</i> two <i>P. aeruginosa</i> strains<i>, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i>, <i>B. subtilis</i>, <i>B. velezensis</i>) for integrated seed biopriming and post-transplantation (foliar/drench) applications against BLB across six rice varieties under glasshouse and field conditions. Molecular characterization via <i>16S rDNA</i> and <i>rpoD</i> sequencing confirmed isolate identity (&gt; 99% homology), while biochemical profiling demonstrated IAA production, siderophore synthesis, phosphate solubilization, and nitrogen fixation capacity. The consortium (T7) significantly enhanced germination percentage (77.99% vs. 69.11% in control), seedling vigor index (2299 vs. 2122), total chlorophyll content (20.28 vs. 10.28&#xa0;mg&#xa0;g⁻<sup>1</sup> FW), and elevated antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD: 59.11 U mg⁻<sup>1</sup>, POD: 16.09 U mg⁻<sup>1</sup>, CAT: 77.16 U mg⁻<sup>1</sup> protein) before pathogen infection. Under glasshouse conditions, T7 foliar application reduced BLB incidence to (17.42–31.23% vs. 72.73–93.23% in control) and severity to (8.24–15.52% vs. 27.11–64.82%), representing (75.8–82.0%) disease suppression. Field trials validated the greenhouse findings, with bioprimed plants exhibiting low disease incidence (21.23–34.56%) and severity (11.26–21.75%) despite environmental stresses. Both foliar and drench applications achieved comparable efficacy, with T7 enhancing plant height (95–125&#xa0;cm vs. 60–90&#xa0;cm), tiller number (35–65 vs. 20–35), and grain yield by 37.0–52.6% (415–570&#xa0;g pot⁻<sup>1</sup> vs. 270–380&#xa0;g). This exceptional yield increases reflected integrated mechanisms: disease suppression, induced systemic resistance, phytohormone-mediated growth promotion, and enhanced nutrient acquisition. The consortium outperformed individual strains (20–40% greater disease control) and abiotic priming methods (3.5–7.9-fold higher yield protection), demonstrating functional complementarity and environmental robustness. This multi-mechanistic approach represents a transformative, sustainable strategy for BLB management and enhanced rice productivity within integrated disease management systems.</p>

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Host-specific multi-strain PGPR consortium delivers superior bacterial leaf blight control and yield enhancement in rice through integrated seed priming and foliar applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月21日

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  • Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi,
  • Ummad Ud Din Umar,
  • Ateeq Ur Rehman

摘要

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB), caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), threatens global rice production, necessitating sustainable alternatives to chemical control. This study evaluated a native six-strains PGPR consortium (Pseudomonas fluorescens, two P. aeruginosa strains, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, B. subtilis, B. velezensis) for integrated seed biopriming and post-transplantation (foliar/drench) applications against BLB across six rice varieties under glasshouse and field conditions. Molecular characterization via 16S rDNA and rpoD sequencing confirmed isolate identity (> 99% homology), while biochemical profiling demonstrated IAA production, siderophore synthesis, phosphate solubilization, and nitrogen fixation capacity. The consortium (T7) significantly enhanced germination percentage (77.99% vs. 69.11% in control), seedling vigor index (2299 vs. 2122), total chlorophyll content (20.28 vs. 10.28 mg g⁻1 FW), and elevated antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD: 59.11 U mg⁻1, POD: 16.09 U mg⁻1, CAT: 77.16 U mg⁻1 protein) before pathogen infection. Under glasshouse conditions, T7 foliar application reduced BLB incidence to (17.42–31.23% vs. 72.73–93.23% in control) and severity to (8.24–15.52% vs. 27.11–64.82%), representing (75.8–82.0%) disease suppression. Field trials validated the greenhouse findings, with bioprimed plants exhibiting low disease incidence (21.23–34.56%) and severity (11.26–21.75%) despite environmental stresses. Both foliar and drench applications achieved comparable efficacy, with T7 enhancing plant height (95–125 cm vs. 60–90 cm), tiller number (35–65 vs. 20–35), and grain yield by 37.0–52.6% (415–570 g pot⁻1 vs. 270–380 g). This exceptional yield increases reflected integrated mechanisms: disease suppression, induced systemic resistance, phytohormone-mediated growth promotion, and enhanced nutrient acquisition. The consortium outperformed individual strains (20–40% greater disease control) and abiotic priming methods (3.5–7.9-fold higher yield protection), demonstrating functional complementarity and environmental robustness. This multi-mechanistic approach represents a transformative, sustainable strategy for BLB management and enhanced rice productivity within integrated disease management systems.