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<p><i>Phaeomoniella chlamydospora</i> (<i>Pch</i>) is reported as one of the main pathogens responsible for Petri disease in young grapevines, causing internal necrosis and eventual grapevine death within the first few years after planting. <i>Phaeomoniella chlamydospora</i> is highly prevalent in nursery material, and it can be found in vascular tissues of both asymptomatic and symptomatic grapevines. Accordingly, it has been hypothesized that <i>Pch</i> may act as a latent pathogen. It is thought that abiotic and/or biotic stress factors could influence its transition from an endophytic to a pathogenic phase. Plant-parasitic nematodes are commonly found in vineyard soils, and they are a common biotic stress factor in grapevines. The objective of this research was to determine whether stress caused by the ring nematode (<i>Mesocriconema xenoplax</i>) contributes to Petri disease development. Dormant Merlot canes were vacuum inoculated with 10µL suspension containing either 1,000, 5,000, or 25,000 <i>Pch</i> conidia, rooted, and planted in soil containing ring nematodes in a two-year greenhouse and a three-year field experiment. Commercial arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi were inoculated into greenhouse pots to investigate whether AM fungi minimize stress, resulting in reduced Petri disease development. <i>Phaeomoniella chlamydospora</i> abundance before and after treatment was determined using droplet digital™ PCR. At the end of the experiment, <i>Pch</i> abundance was positively correlated with initial inoculum level. In both greenhouse and field experiments, black necrosis of vascular tissues was positively correlated with initial <i>Pch</i> abundance, while brown necrosis was positively correlated in the field, but negatively correlated in the greenhouse. In the greenhouse, <i>Pch</i> abundance was greater in ring nematode and AM inoculated grapevine soil than in nematode-free, AM inoculated treatments, but AM treatment itself had no effect. In the field, mortality was higher in grapevines inoculated with 5,000 <i>Pch</i> spores and planted in ring nematode infested soil than in nematode-free soil. This study showed that ring nematode infestation and AM colonization of the roots increase <i>Pch</i> growth in young Merlot grapevines and that a combination of ring nematode infestation and <i>Pch</i> infection increase grapevine susceptibility to winter kill.</p>

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Investigating the interaction between ring nematode infestation and Petri disease development in young Merlot grapevines infected with Phaeomoniella chlamydospora

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月16日

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  • Jared Hrycan,
  • Thomas Forge,
  • Pat Bowen,
  • Miranda Hart,
  • José Ramón Úrbez-Torres

摘要

Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (Pch) is reported as one of the main pathogens responsible for Petri disease in young grapevines, causing internal necrosis and eventual grapevine death within the first few years after planting. Phaeomoniella chlamydospora is highly prevalent in nursery material, and it can be found in vascular tissues of both asymptomatic and symptomatic grapevines. Accordingly, it has been hypothesized that Pch may act as a latent pathogen. It is thought that abiotic and/or biotic stress factors could influence its transition from an endophytic to a pathogenic phase. Plant-parasitic nematodes are commonly found in vineyard soils, and they are a common biotic stress factor in grapevines. The objective of this research was to determine whether stress caused by the ring nematode (Mesocriconema xenoplax) contributes to Petri disease development. Dormant Merlot canes were vacuum inoculated with 10µL suspension containing either 1,000, 5,000, or 25,000 Pch conidia, rooted, and planted in soil containing ring nematodes in a two-year greenhouse and a three-year field experiment. Commercial arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi were inoculated into greenhouse pots to investigate whether AM fungi minimize stress, resulting in reduced Petri disease development. Phaeomoniella chlamydospora abundance before and after treatment was determined using droplet digital™ PCR. At the end of the experiment, Pch abundance was positively correlated with initial inoculum level. In both greenhouse and field experiments, black necrosis of vascular tissues was positively correlated with initial Pch abundance, while brown necrosis was positively correlated in the field, but negatively correlated in the greenhouse. In the greenhouse, Pch abundance was greater in ring nematode and AM inoculated grapevine soil than in nematode-free, AM inoculated treatments, but AM treatment itself had no effect. In the field, mortality was higher in grapevines inoculated with 5,000 Pch spores and planted in ring nematode infested soil than in nematode-free soil. This study showed that ring nematode infestation and AM colonization of the roots increase Pch growth in young Merlot grapevines and that a combination of ring nematode infestation and Pch infection increase grapevine susceptibility to winter kill.