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<p>Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) poses a significant threat to cucurbit production globally. In this study, two ZYMV isolates, designated Sohag-Eg-1 and Sohag-Eg-2, were identified from infected summer squash (<i>Cucurbita pepo</i> cv. Eskandarani) plants in the Sohag Governorate, Upper Egypt. Biological characterization based on symptomatology, host range, and aphid transmission revealed their variability and potential impact on crops. Molecular analysis of the coat protein gene showed high nucleotide sequence homology (99.7%) between the isolates. Comparative analysis with 35 ZYMV isolates from diverse global regions revealed nucleotide identity ranges of 92.9%–99.7% for Sohag-Eg-1 and 93.1%–100% for Sohag-Eg-2. Phylogenetic clustering indicated close relationships with isolates from Austria, Serbia, and Hungary, providing insights into the genetic characteristics and geographical affiliations of ZYMV in Egypt. Analysis of Chlorophyll <i>a</i> fluorescence quenching and polyphasic fluorescence induction kinetics revealed distinct impacts of two ZYMV isolates on photochemistry, photoprotection, and photoinhibition in <i>C. pepo</i> leaves. The isolates differentially reduced leaf growth and pigment content, likely compromising Photosystem II (PSII) performance, as evidenced by disruptions in maximum photochemical efficiency, quantum yield, and electron flux. The two isolates exhibited contrasting effects on photoprotection, with Sohag-Eg-2 enhancing stress-responsive mechanism, while Sohag-Eg-1 suppressed it relative to the control. The results indicate that ZYMV infection significantly inhibited performance indices, reflecting impaired energy conservations needed for efficient photochemistry and photoprotection, while enhancing vulnerability to photoinhibition. These findings underscore the utility of non-invasive chlorophyll fluorescence techniques for assessing photochemical and photoprotective responses in virus-infected plants.</p>

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Characterization of two distinct zucchini yellow mosaic potyvirus isolates, and their differential effects on photochemistry and photoprotection of host plant

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月12日

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  • Sabry Y. Mahmoud,
  • Ahmad Zia,
  • Eman S. Farrag,
  • Mahmoud A. Amer,
  • Mahmoud E. F. Abdel-Haliem

摘要

Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) poses a significant threat to cucurbit production globally. In this study, two ZYMV isolates, designated Sohag-Eg-1 and Sohag-Eg-2, were identified from infected summer squash (Cucurbita pepo cv. Eskandarani) plants in the Sohag Governorate, Upper Egypt. Biological characterization based on symptomatology, host range, and aphid transmission revealed their variability and potential impact on crops. Molecular analysis of the coat protein gene showed high nucleotide sequence homology (99.7%) between the isolates. Comparative analysis with 35 ZYMV isolates from diverse global regions revealed nucleotide identity ranges of 92.9%–99.7% for Sohag-Eg-1 and 93.1%–100% for Sohag-Eg-2. Phylogenetic clustering indicated close relationships with isolates from Austria, Serbia, and Hungary, providing insights into the genetic characteristics and geographical affiliations of ZYMV in Egypt. Analysis of Chlorophyll a fluorescence quenching and polyphasic fluorescence induction kinetics revealed distinct impacts of two ZYMV isolates on photochemistry, photoprotection, and photoinhibition in C. pepo leaves. The isolates differentially reduced leaf growth and pigment content, likely compromising Photosystem II (PSII) performance, as evidenced by disruptions in maximum photochemical efficiency, quantum yield, and electron flux. The two isolates exhibited contrasting effects on photoprotection, with Sohag-Eg-2 enhancing stress-responsive mechanism, while Sohag-Eg-1 suppressed it relative to the control. The results indicate that ZYMV infection significantly inhibited performance indices, reflecting impaired energy conservations needed for efficient photochemistry and photoprotection, while enhancing vulnerability to photoinhibition. These findings underscore the utility of non-invasive chlorophyll fluorescence techniques for assessing photochemical and photoprotective responses in virus-infected plants.