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<p>Date palm (<i>Phoenix dactylifera</i> L.) cultivation in North Africa is severely threatened by Bayoud disease, caused by <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f.sp. albedinis (FOA). Biological control approaches using antagonistic microorganisms has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional management strategies. This study explores the potential of indigenous antagonistic rhizobacterial isolates from oases in the Biskra region in Algeria (Tolga and Foughala), which are free from <i>Fusarium</i> wilt. A total of 115 bacterial isolates were obtained from the rhizosphere and roots of date palms, among which six showed significant antifungal activity against FOA in dual-culture assays. Molecular identification classified strains GF17, TF6, and GR2 as <i>Bacillus</i> species, while TT11, GT15, and TF13 were identified as Actinobacteria (<i>Gordonia terrae</i>, <i>Streptomyces</i> sp., and <i>Microbacterium</i> sp., respectively). The influence of different culture media on the bioactivity of these strains against FOA and other phytopathogens was also investigated. Results showed that antifungal metabolite production differed depending on the culture medium and bacterial species. However, volatile organic compounds did not exhibit significant antifungal activity. Seed bioassays demonstrated that strains GT15, TT11 and GR2 provided significant protection against FOA in germinated seeds. In addition, these antagonistic isolates exhibited tolerance to various abiotic stresses, produced extracellular enzyme, and possessed plant growth promoting (PGP) properties. In particular, these plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) increased root length, fresh biomass, secondary root development, and chlorophyll content in date palm seedlings under hydroponic conditions. These results suggest that the identified strains have strong potential as biocontrol agents for the sustainable management of vascular wilt disease in date palm cultivation. Given their effectiveness, particularly the Actinobacteria strains, future research should optimize application techniques and validate their performance under field conditions.</p>

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Biocontrol of Bayoud disease: indigenous Bacillus and Actinobacteria as antagonists of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. albedinis in date palms

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月28日

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  • Nour El Houda Rabhi,
  • Nora Saadaoui,
  • Naoual Bouremani,
  • Allaoua Silini,
  • Mohamed Abdelhafid Hamidechi,
  • Essaid Ait Barka,
  • Hafsa Cherif-Silini

摘要

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivation in North Africa is severely threatened by Bayoud disease, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. albedinis (FOA). Biological control approaches using antagonistic microorganisms has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional management strategies. This study explores the potential of indigenous antagonistic rhizobacterial isolates from oases in the Biskra region in Algeria (Tolga and Foughala), which are free from Fusarium wilt. A total of 115 bacterial isolates were obtained from the rhizosphere and roots of date palms, among which six showed significant antifungal activity against FOA in dual-culture assays. Molecular identification classified strains GF17, TF6, and GR2 as Bacillus species, while TT11, GT15, and TF13 were identified as Actinobacteria (Gordonia terrae, Streptomyces sp., and Microbacterium sp., respectively). The influence of different culture media on the bioactivity of these strains against FOA and other phytopathogens was also investigated. Results showed that antifungal metabolite production differed depending on the culture medium and bacterial species. However, volatile organic compounds did not exhibit significant antifungal activity. Seed bioassays demonstrated that strains GT15, TT11 and GR2 provided significant protection against FOA in germinated seeds. In addition, these antagonistic isolates exhibited tolerance to various abiotic stresses, produced extracellular enzyme, and possessed plant growth promoting (PGP) properties. In particular, these plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) increased root length, fresh biomass, secondary root development, and chlorophyll content in date palm seedlings under hydroponic conditions. These results suggest that the identified strains have strong potential as biocontrol agents for the sustainable management of vascular wilt disease in date palm cultivation. Given their effectiveness, particularly the Actinobacteria strains, future research should optimize application techniques and validate their performance under field conditions.