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<p>Plant diseases can limit crop growth and development by affecting the physiological, biochemical, molecular, and metabolic processes of affected plants. In this study, we evaluated the alleviative effects of pretreatments with wild-type (ThW) and a gamma-ray-induced mutant (ThM) strains of <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> on tomato plants infected with <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>lycopersici</i> (Fol). For assessment of the ThW and ThM efficacy in the biological control of Fol infection in tomato plants, a greenhouse experiment was conducted. The effect of <i>T. harzianum</i> on the alleviation of Fol infection was investigated by analyzing plant fresh biomass, length, chlorophylls contents, and the activity of some antioxidant enzymes in the shoot and root of tomato plants at 4 and 14&#xa0;days post inoculation (dpi). Both ThW and ThM genotypes improved the competitive capability of tomato plants against Fol infection. Our data showed that ThM pretreatment significantly improved growth and defense indices of tomato plants with or without Fol infection. Pretreatment by both genotypes of <i>Trichoderma</i> followed by Fol infection, decreased lipid peroxidation and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> accumulation compared to untreated tomato seedlings. <i>Trichoderma</i> pretreated and –untreated tomato plants respond differently to Fol infection through employing enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense. Significantly higher activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) under Fol infection were recorded, indicating that <i>Trichoderma</i>-treated plants were more responsive to pathogen-induced oxidative stress as compared to mock-inoculated controls. In addition, carbohydrate allocation to root was significantly increased in <i>Trichoderma-</i>treated Fol-challenged plants. Altogether, this study confirmed the effective adaptive strategy and potential of the gamma-ray-induced mutant of <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> in alleviating the negative impact of Fol infection in tomato.</p>

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A mutant Trichoderma harzianum improves tomato growth and defense against Fusarium wilt

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月24日

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  • Mona Sorahinobar,
  • Soghra Eslami,
  • Samira Shahbazi,
  • Javad Najafi

摘要

Plant diseases can limit crop growth and development by affecting the physiological, biochemical, molecular, and metabolic processes of affected plants. In this study, we evaluated the alleviative effects of pretreatments with wild-type (ThW) and a gamma-ray-induced mutant (ThM) strains of Trichoderma harzianum on tomato plants infected with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol). For assessment of the ThW and ThM efficacy in the biological control of Fol infection in tomato plants, a greenhouse experiment was conducted. The effect of T. harzianum on the alleviation of Fol infection was investigated by analyzing plant fresh biomass, length, chlorophylls contents, and the activity of some antioxidant enzymes in the shoot and root of tomato plants at 4 and 14 days post inoculation (dpi). Both ThW and ThM genotypes improved the competitive capability of tomato plants against Fol infection. Our data showed that ThM pretreatment significantly improved growth and defense indices of tomato plants with or without Fol infection. Pretreatment by both genotypes of Trichoderma followed by Fol infection, decreased lipid peroxidation and H2O2 accumulation compared to untreated tomato seedlings. Trichoderma pretreated and –untreated tomato plants respond differently to Fol infection through employing enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense. Significantly higher activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) under Fol infection were recorded, indicating that Trichoderma-treated plants were more responsive to pathogen-induced oxidative stress as compared to mock-inoculated controls. In addition, carbohydrate allocation to root was significantly increased in Trichoderma-treated Fol-challenged plants. Altogether, this study confirmed the effective adaptive strategy and potential of the gamma-ray-induced mutant of Trichoderma harzianum in alleviating the negative impact of Fol infection in tomato.