<p>Recent findings on the toxicity of arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) have led to lowered reference values for these elements. This study aims to investigate As and Pb contents and spatial distribution patterns in soils from the Shirak region (Armenia), their contents in potato skin and flesh, the soil-to-potato transfer, and assess the dietary health risks. Arsenic and Pb contents in soils were determined using XRF, while potato samples by ICP-MS. The spatial distribution patterns of soil As (mean-15.1&#xa0;mg/kg) and Pb (mean-12.5&#xa0;mg/kg) contents varied widely at the regional level, influenced by both geology and anthropogenic factors. Three distinct subsamples distributed across the region were identified and a significant positive correlation between As and Pb was observed in each subsample. As and Pb contents in the potato tuber skin (mean: 0.226 and 0.093&#xa0;μg/kg) were greater than in the tuber flesh (mean: 0.098 and 0.036&#xa0;μg/kg) respectively. The transfer factors indicated low As and Pb bioaccumulation in potato. The estimated daily intake (EDI) values for iAs and Pb (1.24 × 10⁻⁴&#xa0;μg/kg bw/day and 6.5 × 10⁻⁵&#xa0;μg/kg bw/day, respectively) based on occurrence levels and potato consumption rates were low for both iAs and Pb, therefore indicating no public health concern. The substantially higher margin of exposure (MOE) values (Pb: 2.23 × 10⁴ to 9.69 × 10³; iAs: of 4.69 × 10² to 5.23 × 10²) observed in this study suggest that the studied toxic elements exposure through potato consumption alone do not pose a health risk to the adult population of the Shirak region. Nevertheless, given the cumulative nature of the elements’ toxicity, their contribution to the total dietary exposure remains relevant, particularly for populations with high reliance on locally produced staple foods. This work emphasizes the necessity of regular monitoring of As and Pb contents in potatoes.</p>