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<p>The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau is the world’s highest geographical unit, yet studies on its soil environmental capacity remain scarce. To address this gap, this study evaluated the environmental capacity of soil heavy metals in the Menyuan-Huangzhong region of Qinghai Province, focusing on both their spatial patterns and future trends. Based on 8269 surface soil samples, multifractal analysis was used to determine local background values and risk screening values for 12 elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Li, Ni, Pb, U, W, Zn). Principal component analysis and multi-factor significance analysis were employed to identify pollution sources and their controlling factors. The results showed that natural sources were the primary contributors of soil heavy metals. The static environmental capacity followed the order: Cu &gt; Zn &gt; Cr &gt; Co &gt; Li &gt; Ni &gt; Pb &gt; As &gt; U &gt; W &gt; Hg &gt; Cd. Soil parent material exerted the most significant influence on the residual environmental capacity. Under the baseline scenario, which assumes the absence of major climate disasters and no fundamental change in the current human activity pattern dominated by grazing, a mathematical inertia-based extrapolation of the dynamic environmental capacity was conducted based on the current input rates of heavy metals. The extrapolation results indicate that the dynamic environmental capacity will continue to decline over the coming decades. The comprehensive environmental capacity index (PI) of the study area was 0.76, indicating a medium-capacity zone with mild pollution. Among all soil types, mountain meadow soil had the lowest PI value (0.63), indicating the greatest disturbance from grazing activities. These findings provide a theoretical basis for targeted environmental management and sustainable resource utilization on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.</p>

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Environmental capacity and source apportionment of soil heavy metals in an agro-pastoral region of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月30日

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  • Siqi Han,
  • Yao Niu,
  • Qiang Huang,
  • Qingyu Liu,
  • Siyao Feng,
  • Jingying He

摘要

The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau is the world’s highest geographical unit, yet studies on its soil environmental capacity remain scarce. To address this gap, this study evaluated the environmental capacity of soil heavy metals in the Menyuan-Huangzhong region of Qinghai Province, focusing on both their spatial patterns and future trends. Based on 8269 surface soil samples, multifractal analysis was used to determine local background values and risk screening values for 12 elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Li, Ni, Pb, U, W, Zn). Principal component analysis and multi-factor significance analysis were employed to identify pollution sources and their controlling factors. The results showed that natural sources were the primary contributors of soil heavy metals. The static environmental capacity followed the order: Cu > Zn > Cr > Co > Li > Ni > Pb > As > U > W > Hg > Cd. Soil parent material exerted the most significant influence on the residual environmental capacity. Under the baseline scenario, which assumes the absence of major climate disasters and no fundamental change in the current human activity pattern dominated by grazing, a mathematical inertia-based extrapolation of the dynamic environmental capacity was conducted based on the current input rates of heavy metals. The extrapolation results indicate that the dynamic environmental capacity will continue to decline over the coming decades. The comprehensive environmental capacity index (PI) of the study area was 0.76, indicating a medium-capacity zone with mild pollution. Among all soil types, mountain meadow soil had the lowest PI value (0.63), indicating the greatest disturbance from grazing activities. These findings provide a theoretical basis for targeted environmental management and sustainable resource utilization on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.