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<p>Research on heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils developed on granite hilly and slope terrains in China remains relatively limited, despite the widespread distribution of such geomorphological settings. Huayuan County, located in Xiangxi, Hunan Province, is characterized by extensively weathered granite-derived soils, particularly across hilly, sloped, and intensively cultivated landscapes. Taking Huayuan Town as a representative study area, this study systematically investigates the concentration levels, spatial heterogeneity, and sources of heavy metals in agricultural soils of granite hilly slopes by integrating geochemical indices, spatial analysis, and multivariate statistical approaches. The results show that the geo-accumulation indices (Igeo) of all analyzed elements are generally below 0, indicating that the soils are classified as practically uncontaminated. Manganese (Mn) exhibits the highest concentrations, with an average value of 497.18 mg/kg and a wide range from 164.56 to 3252.67 mg/kg. The Igeo values of Mn vary from − 2.09 to 2.21, which is likely associated with the extensive distribution of manganese deposits and the geochemical characteristics of the granite parent material in the region. Spatial distribution analysis reveals that Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, V, Fe, and Hg display broadly similar patterns, suggesting common controlling factors. Multivariate statistical results further demonstrate strong homologous relationships among Co, Fe, V, Ni, Cr, Zn, and Mn, indicating that these elements are predominantly derived from primary minerals in the granite parent rock, such as biotite, amphibole, magnetite, and trace sulfides. By focusing on a typical but underrepresented granite hilly slope agricultural system, this study highlights the element-specific spatial behavior and source characteristics of heavy metals under strong geogenic control and long-term anthropogenic disturbance. The findings provide new empirical evidence for understanding heavy metal accumulation mechanisms in granite-derived soils and offer a scientific basis for soil pollution prevention, agricultural management, and environmentally informed policy formulation in similar geological and geomorphological settings.</p>

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Study on heavy metal pollution and spatial distribution characteristics of soil in granite hilly slope land: a case study of Huayuan Town, Xiangxi, Hunan, China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月3日

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  • Bingxu Zhou,
  • Bozhi Ren,
  • Xinping Deng,
  • Shun zhang,
  • Fang Zheng,
  • Rou Li,
  • Rixin Luo

摘要

Research on heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils developed on granite hilly and slope terrains in China remains relatively limited, despite the widespread distribution of such geomorphological settings. Huayuan County, located in Xiangxi, Hunan Province, is characterized by extensively weathered granite-derived soils, particularly across hilly, sloped, and intensively cultivated landscapes. Taking Huayuan Town as a representative study area, this study systematically investigates the concentration levels, spatial heterogeneity, and sources of heavy metals in agricultural soils of granite hilly slopes by integrating geochemical indices, spatial analysis, and multivariate statistical approaches. The results show that the geo-accumulation indices (Igeo) of all analyzed elements are generally below 0, indicating that the soils are classified as practically uncontaminated. Manganese (Mn) exhibits the highest concentrations, with an average value of 497.18 mg/kg and a wide range from 164.56 to 3252.67 mg/kg. The Igeo values of Mn vary from − 2.09 to 2.21, which is likely associated with the extensive distribution of manganese deposits and the geochemical characteristics of the granite parent material in the region. Spatial distribution analysis reveals that Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, V, Fe, and Hg display broadly similar patterns, suggesting common controlling factors. Multivariate statistical results further demonstrate strong homologous relationships among Co, Fe, V, Ni, Cr, Zn, and Mn, indicating that these elements are predominantly derived from primary minerals in the granite parent rock, such as biotite, amphibole, magnetite, and trace sulfides. By focusing on a typical but underrepresented granite hilly slope agricultural system, this study highlights the element-specific spatial behavior and source characteristics of heavy metals under strong geogenic control and long-term anthropogenic disturbance. The findings provide new empirical evidence for understanding heavy metal accumulation mechanisms in granite-derived soils and offer a scientific basis for soil pollution prevention, agricultural management, and environmentally informed policy formulation in similar geological and geomorphological settings.