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<p>In tropical peatland regions, direct chlorination of peat water is a common household practice to improve clarity and ensure microbial safety. However, this simple treatment can produce toxic disinfection by-products (DBPs) due to the high organic matter and acidity of peat water. This perspective examines the dual nature of chlorination—its effectiveness in removing bacteria and reducing color, versus its role in generating hazardous halogenated compounds. Chlorine reacts with humic and fulvic substances, yielding trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, and other DBPs with mutagenic and carcinogenic potential. In the absence of controlled dosing and residual monitoring, households often use excessive chlorine, allowing prolonged reactions and increasing DBP concentrations. Field observations in Indonesian peatland communities indicate that chlorination is typically guided by visual cues rather than quantitative control, leading to a false sense of safety. The paper highlights the urgent need for risk awareness, simple pre-treatment steps to remove precursors, and practical dosing guidance to balance microbial and chemical safety. Future efforts should emphasize locally appropriate technologies such as biochar filtration, natural coagulants, or hybrid UV-chlorination systems. Ensuring safe drinking water for peatland populations requires integrating scientific understanding, community education, and policy action to reduce DBP exposure without compromising microbial protection.</p>

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Clarity versus safety: A mini perspective review on disinfection by-products formation in household chlorinated peat water and mitigation strategies for the rural peatland communities

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月20日

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  • Retno Wulandari,
  • Nur Novilina Arifianingsih,
  • Wisnu Prayogo,
  • Dion Awfa,
  • Rifka Noor Azizah,
  • Mhd. Fauzi,
  • Mohamad Rangga Sururi,
  • Mohamad Firman Solihat,
  • Fahd Maximillian Amin,
  • Abiyyu Kaysan Admawidya,
  • Muammar Qadafi

摘要

In tropical peatland regions, direct chlorination of peat water is a common household practice to improve clarity and ensure microbial safety. However, this simple treatment can produce toxic disinfection by-products (DBPs) due to the high organic matter and acidity of peat water. This perspective examines the dual nature of chlorination—its effectiveness in removing bacteria and reducing color, versus its role in generating hazardous halogenated compounds. Chlorine reacts with humic and fulvic substances, yielding trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, and other DBPs with mutagenic and carcinogenic potential. In the absence of controlled dosing and residual monitoring, households often use excessive chlorine, allowing prolonged reactions and increasing DBP concentrations. Field observations in Indonesian peatland communities indicate that chlorination is typically guided by visual cues rather than quantitative control, leading to a false sense of safety. The paper highlights the urgent need for risk awareness, simple pre-treatment steps to remove precursors, and practical dosing guidance to balance microbial and chemical safety. Future efforts should emphasize locally appropriate technologies such as biochar filtration, natural coagulants, or hybrid UV-chlorination systems. Ensuring safe drinking water for peatland populations requires integrating scientific understanding, community education, and policy action to reduce DBP exposure without compromising microbial protection.