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<p>Heavy metal contamination in groundwater has significantly increased over the past decade due to increased anthropogenic activities in the environment. In particular, the contamination of groundwater resources due to industry waste disposal with archaic treatment techniques has resulted in severe risks to the well-being of flora and fauna in the industrial regions. In this study, groundwater samples were collected from 98 separate sites in the Mathura region of India during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons and were analyzed for heavy metal exposure to different age and gender groups using Monte-Carlo simulation. Statistical tests and pollution indices were also adopted to understand the distribution of heavy metals in the study region. The descriptive analysis of results revealed that the concentration of heavy metals is in the order Pb &gt; Fe &gt; Cr &gt; Ni &gt; Zn &gt; Mn &gt; Cd &gt; Cu for the pre-monsoon season and Pb &gt; Ni &gt; Cr &gt; Zn &gt; Fe &gt; Mn &gt; Cd &gt; Cu for the post-monsoon season. Adopted pollution indices also indicate increased heavy metal pollution after seasonal rainfall. The study discusses the complex nature of heavy metal contamination in the study area according to the desirable and permissible limits of BIS and emphasizes the preparation of countermeasures against cancer risks across specific sites of the study region through geospatial analysis, and recommends the necessity of enhanced treatment of groundwater prior to ingestion and disposal.</p>

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Geospatial assessment of groundwater toxicity from hazardous environmental contaminants and background concentration in quaternary aquifers of a semi-arid region

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月25日

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  • Salman Ahmed,
  • Maaz Abdullah,
  • Akhtar Jahan,
  • Abdur Rahman,
  • Shadab Khurshid,
  • Shahjad Ali

摘要

Heavy metal contamination in groundwater has significantly increased over the past decade due to increased anthropogenic activities in the environment. In particular, the contamination of groundwater resources due to industry waste disposal with archaic treatment techniques has resulted in severe risks to the well-being of flora and fauna in the industrial regions. In this study, groundwater samples were collected from 98 separate sites in the Mathura region of India during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons and were analyzed for heavy metal exposure to different age and gender groups using Monte-Carlo simulation. Statistical tests and pollution indices were also adopted to understand the distribution of heavy metals in the study region. The descriptive analysis of results revealed that the concentration of heavy metals is in the order Pb > Fe > Cr > Ni > Zn > Mn > Cd > Cu for the pre-monsoon season and Pb > Ni > Cr > Zn > Fe > Mn > Cd > Cu for the post-monsoon season. Adopted pollution indices also indicate increased heavy metal pollution after seasonal rainfall. The study discusses the complex nature of heavy metal contamination in the study area according to the desirable and permissible limits of BIS and emphasizes the preparation of countermeasures against cancer risks across specific sites of the study region through geospatial analysis, and recommends the necessity of enhanced treatment of groundwater prior to ingestion and disposal.