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<p>Adsorption is a cost-effective and efficient method for removing a broad spectrum of pollutants from water sources. Clay minerals and their chemically or structurally modified counterparts, serve as versatile and promising adsorbents for environmental remediation. This review provides an in-depth analysis of various types of natural clays, detailing their structures, classifications, and physicochemical properties. It also examines the different modification techniques applied to clay minerals, elaborating on their preparation techniques and mechanisms. These modifications can be achieved using either a single technique or a combination of several techniques, depending on the desired enhancement of the clay’s adsorption performance. Recent studies in adsorption using natural and modified clays for the removal of toxic dyes and heavy metals are summarized. Reported results indicate that natural clays can exhibit substantial adsorption capacities toward cationic dyes and metal ions, while various modification strategies generally enhance these performances. Modified clays, in particular, demonstrate markedly improved affinities and capacities for both organic dyes and heavy metals, reflecting the role of surface functionalization and structural tailoring in optimizing adsorption behavior. Overall, these findings highlight the strong potential of clay-based materials as efficient and versatile adsorbents for wastewater treatment applications.</p><p>This review underscores the potential to enhance the adsorption efficiency of clays by increasing their specific surface areas, enhancing porosity and introducing additional adsorption sites through various modification methodes. Moreover, the low cost, availability, ease of processing, and environmental compatibility of clays and modified clays make them highly attractive for industrial, environmental and sustainable applications. In conclusion, clay-based materials, in both their natural and modified forms, present a promising solution for the efficient removal of aquatic pollutants. Their adaptability through modification techniques positions them as valuable tools in the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly water treatment strategies.</p>

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Natural and modified clays for wastewater treatment: a review of adsorption of dyes and heavy metals

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月31日

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  • Chaimaa Ahnin,
  • Loubna Bounab,
  • Hikmat Douhri,
  • Anas Chraka,
  • Khalid Draoui,
  • Mohamed Hadri

摘要

Adsorption is a cost-effective and efficient method for removing a broad spectrum of pollutants from water sources. Clay minerals and their chemically or structurally modified counterparts, serve as versatile and promising adsorbents for environmental remediation. This review provides an in-depth analysis of various types of natural clays, detailing their structures, classifications, and physicochemical properties. It also examines the different modification techniques applied to clay minerals, elaborating on their preparation techniques and mechanisms. These modifications can be achieved using either a single technique or a combination of several techniques, depending on the desired enhancement of the clay’s adsorption performance. Recent studies in adsorption using natural and modified clays for the removal of toxic dyes and heavy metals are summarized. Reported results indicate that natural clays can exhibit substantial adsorption capacities toward cationic dyes and metal ions, while various modification strategies generally enhance these performances. Modified clays, in particular, demonstrate markedly improved affinities and capacities for both organic dyes and heavy metals, reflecting the role of surface functionalization and structural tailoring in optimizing adsorption behavior. Overall, these findings highlight the strong potential of clay-based materials as efficient and versatile adsorbents for wastewater treatment applications.

This review underscores the potential to enhance the adsorption efficiency of clays by increasing their specific surface areas, enhancing porosity and introducing additional adsorption sites through various modification methodes. Moreover, the low cost, availability, ease of processing, and environmental compatibility of clays and modified clays make them highly attractive for industrial, environmental and sustainable applications. In conclusion, clay-based materials, in both their natural and modified forms, present a promising solution for the efficient removal of aquatic pollutants. Their adaptability through modification techniques positions them as valuable tools in the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly water treatment strategies.