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<p>The treatment of wastewater co-contaminated with organic dyes and heavy metals remains challenging due to competitive adsorption.&#xa0;Herein, a magnetic multifunctional biochar (MMBC-400) was synthesized from corn cobs and red mud for the simultaneous removal of malachite green (MG) and Pb<sup>2</sup>⁺. In single systems, MMBC-400 exhibited high adsorption capacities (794.72&#xa0;mg/g for MG and 129&#xa0;mg/g for Pb<sup>2</sup>⁺).&#xa0;Crucially, in a binary system with 500&#xa0;mg/L MG, it maintained high removal efficiencies (98.4% for MG and 93.8% for Pb<sup>2</sup>⁺), demonstrating exceptional anti-interference capability.&#xa0;Characterization revealed that&#xa0;site-specific adsorption mechanisms&#xa0;(π-π interactions for MG on the carbon matrix; complexation for Pb<sup>2</sup>⁺ on red mud components) led to minimal competition. Furthermore, MMBC-400 showed&#xa0;excellent regenerability, retaining over 85% removal after five cycles. This work presents a&#xa0;cost-effective and sustainable strategy&#xa0;for designing adsorbents for complex wastewater remediation.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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A recyclable magnetic biochar from corn cobs and red mud for treating complex contaminants containing dyes and heavy metals

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月15日

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  • Ruihui Gong,
  • Huidong Li,
  • Yuxin Liu,
  • Jiangzhe Fu

摘要

The treatment of wastewater co-contaminated with organic dyes and heavy metals remains challenging due to competitive adsorption. Herein, a magnetic multifunctional biochar (MMBC-400) was synthesized from corn cobs and red mud for the simultaneous removal of malachite green (MG) and Pb2⁺. In single systems, MMBC-400 exhibited high adsorption capacities (794.72 mg/g for MG and 129 mg/g for Pb2⁺). Crucially, in a binary system with 500 mg/L MG, it maintained high removal efficiencies (98.4% for MG and 93.8% for Pb2⁺), demonstrating exceptional anti-interference capability. Characterization revealed that site-specific adsorption mechanisms (π-π interactions for MG on the carbon matrix; complexation for Pb2⁺ on red mud components) led to minimal competition. Furthermore, MMBC-400 showed excellent regenerability, retaining over 85% removal after five cycles. This work presents a cost-effective and sustainable strategy for designing adsorbents for complex wastewater remediation.

Graphical abstract