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<p>This study investigates health risks associated with radon (<sup>222</sup>Rn) in groundwater from Vamanapuram River Basin (VRB), Southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India. The annual effective dose (AED) attributable to <sup>222</sup>Rn in groundwater (n = 40) was quantified for different age groups — infants, children and adults, yielding ranges of 1.95—243.74&#xa0;µSv a<sup>−1</sup>, 1.74—217.01&#xa0;µSv a<sup>−1</sup> and 1.78—221.87&#xa0;µSv a<sup>−1</sup> respectively. The mean AED is found to be within the recommended limit proposed by WHO (100&#xa0;µSv a<sup>−1</sup>). The analysis of Health Risk Factor (HRF) indicates that infants exhibit the highest vulnerability to radiation exposure. The estimated excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR), ranged from 0.01 to 0.78 × 10<sup>–3</sup>, reveals that 17.5% of groundwater samples surpass the threshold limit set by the USEPA. As no prior data on <sup>222</sup>Rn related dose exposure exists for the study area, this investigation constitutes a novel contribution, offering essential baseline information for future radiological assessments. By integrating both deterministic and probabilistic methods for dose estimation, this study not only enhances the reliability of risk evaluation but also emphasizes the importance of establishing regulatory frameworks to safeguard groundwater resources and public health.</p>

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Radiological risk assessment of radon in groundwater of a tropical River Basin, SW India: integrating deterministic and probabilistic approaches

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月1日

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  • G. R. Anurani,
  • S. Sukanya,
  • Sabu Joseph,
  • S. Selvakumar

摘要

This study investigates health risks associated with radon (222Rn) in groundwater from Vamanapuram River Basin (VRB), Southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India. The annual effective dose (AED) attributable to 222Rn in groundwater (n = 40) was quantified for different age groups — infants, children and adults, yielding ranges of 1.95—243.74 µSv a−1, 1.74—217.01 µSv a−1 and 1.78—221.87 µSv a−1 respectively. The mean AED is found to be within the recommended limit proposed by WHO (100 µSv a−1). The analysis of Health Risk Factor (HRF) indicates that infants exhibit the highest vulnerability to radiation exposure. The estimated excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR), ranged from 0.01 to 0.78 × 10–3, reveals that 17.5% of groundwater samples surpass the threshold limit set by the USEPA. As no prior data on 222Rn related dose exposure exists for the study area, this investigation constitutes a novel contribution, offering essential baseline information for future radiological assessments. By integrating both deterministic and probabilistic methods for dose estimation, this study not only enhances the reliability of risk evaluation but also emphasizes the importance of establishing regulatory frameworks to safeguard groundwater resources and public health.