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<p>The elemental composition of different parts of the Cornelian cherry (fruit flesh, pit, leaf, and bark) was analyzed using the ICP-OES method. Macroelements (Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, S), microelements (B, Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Li, Mn, Ni, Se, Si, Sr, Zn), and toxic elements (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Pb) were analyzed. The highest concentrations of Ca (10,818.04–24,901.29&#xa0;mg/kg), Mg (1903.77–3558.87&#xa0;mg/kg), S (2193.67–3284.59&#xa0;mg/kg), and P (3655.34–5959.26&#xa0;mg/kg) were determined in the leaves. S was also present in significant concentrations, and K was highest in the fruit flesh (6598.00–8967.40&#xa0;mg/kg). Higher concentrations of Fe, Mn, and Zn were determined in the leaves and bark, while the fruit flesh had lower concentrations of these elements (Fe: 7.17–337.05&#xa0;mg/kg; Mn: 0.66–1.19&#xa0;mg/kg; Zn: 2.70–3.83&#xa0;mg/kg). B (to 24.09&#xa0;mg/kg), Si (to 468.99&#xa0;mg/kg), Li (to 1.44&#xa0;mg/kg), and Sr (to 76.00&#xa0;mg/kg) were most abundant in leaves and bark. The highest concentration of the toxic metal Al was detected in the leaf sample from Mostar (373.49&#xa0;mg/kg). Cd and Pb revealed the lowest concentrations, below the detection limit (&lt; 0.01&#xa0;mg/kg), in several pit and flesh samples collected from Tuzla, Bijeljina, and Mostar. As levels were below 0.01&#xa0;mg/kg in all analyzed samples. The differences in element concentrations may be related to different geochemical and ecological conditions characteristic of the collection areas, indicating a complex environmental influence on the bioaccumulation of elements in Cornelian cherry. In this study, an assessment of the potential health risks associated with the presence of heavy metals was conducted. The obtained Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) results for As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cr were lower than the safe limit, while Carcinogenic Risk Index (CRI) analysis indicated that Cd and Ni were the most important pollutants in the analyzed samples.</p>

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Element profile and health risk assessment of wild Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) collected in Bosnia and Herzegovina

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月23日

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  • Belma Alihodžić-Dilberović,
  • Mirha Pazalja,
  • Snežana Trifunović,
  • Biljana Dojčinović,
  • Selma Špirtović-Halilović,
  • Amila Mehmedovic,
  • Mirsada Salihović

摘要

The elemental composition of different parts of the Cornelian cherry (fruit flesh, pit, leaf, and bark) was analyzed using the ICP-OES method. Macroelements (Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, S), microelements (B, Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Li, Mn, Ni, Se, Si, Sr, Zn), and toxic elements (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Pb) were analyzed. The highest concentrations of Ca (10,818.04–24,901.29 mg/kg), Mg (1903.77–3558.87 mg/kg), S (2193.67–3284.59 mg/kg), and P (3655.34–5959.26 mg/kg) were determined in the leaves. S was also present in significant concentrations, and K was highest in the fruit flesh (6598.00–8967.40 mg/kg). Higher concentrations of Fe, Mn, and Zn were determined in the leaves and bark, while the fruit flesh had lower concentrations of these elements (Fe: 7.17–337.05 mg/kg; Mn: 0.66–1.19 mg/kg; Zn: 2.70–3.83 mg/kg). B (to 24.09 mg/kg), Si (to 468.99 mg/kg), Li (to 1.44 mg/kg), and Sr (to 76.00 mg/kg) were most abundant in leaves and bark. The highest concentration of the toxic metal Al was detected in the leaf sample from Mostar (373.49 mg/kg). Cd and Pb revealed the lowest concentrations, below the detection limit (< 0.01 mg/kg), in several pit and flesh samples collected from Tuzla, Bijeljina, and Mostar. As levels were below 0.01 mg/kg in all analyzed samples. The differences in element concentrations may be related to different geochemical and ecological conditions characteristic of the collection areas, indicating a complex environmental influence on the bioaccumulation of elements in Cornelian cherry. In this study, an assessment of the potential health risks associated with the presence of heavy metals was conducted. The obtained Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) results for As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cr were lower than the safe limit, while Carcinogenic Risk Index (CRI) analysis indicated that Cd and Ni were the most important pollutants in the analyzed samples.