The startling alliance of genes related to endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy induction in fish liver and kidney by Mancozeb exposure in fish, Channa punctatus (Bloch, 1793)
摘要
Prevalent and widespread uses of fungicides have dangerous implications on humans and are toxic enough to harm or kill non-target organisms, mainly fish. The study was designed to assess the toxicological implications of fungicide, Mancozeb (MZ) in the liver and kidney tissues of fish, Channa punctatus. 54 well acclimatized fish, (24 ± 4.0 g, 11.0 ± 2.0 cm) were distributed into three different groups to examine the harmful effects of fractions of calculated median lethal concentration of MZ (96 h-LC50 − 10.34 mg/L)—i.e., control (C), T1 (2.068 mg/L) and T2 (4.136 mg/L). The comet assay for DNA damage, oxidative stress biomarkers like glutathione (GSH), and glutathione reductase (GR), along with transcriptional profiling of genes related to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and autophagy were performed. Significant (p < 0.05) elevations in GR, and DNA tail percent were recorded after 20, 40, and 60 days. Significant (p < 0.05) decrement in activity of GSH was recorded at all experimental intervals. Also, significant (p < 0.05) changes in the ERS and autophagy genes were recorded, after 60 days. Employing all the aforementioned toxicological assessment tools with evident histopathological damages in the kidney and liver tissues clearly evince the toxicity of MZ. Furthermore, multiple genes set expression analysis (GSEA) was performed by Metascape to explore more probable pathways that may be affected after exposure to MZ. This is the first study to study the implications of MZ in terms of ERS, autophagy along with DNA damage in this species.