Behavior of Pedestrian winds on raised terrains under the combined effect of twisted wind profile and atmospheric stratification
摘要
Majority of pedestrian wind studies have either neglected atmospheric stratification effects on pedestrian wind environment or have assumed neutral conditions at moderate to high wind speeds. The present study considers the effect of all three types of stratifications- stable, neutral and unstable, within a weak wind environment superimposed with twisted wind profile to mimic the atmospheric conditions over mountainous terrains in tropical region of India. Numerical models are created to run in widely adopted FLUENT solver and results are validated using wind tunnel experimentations. Atmospheric conditions are mimicked using Monin–Obukhov theory. A series of equations are modeled and applied to recreate the stabilities and twisted wind profile. The simulation output is then used to quantify the difference between twisted flow with and without stratification. Further, the variation in pedestrian level flow pattern under the three cases of atmospheric stratification is studied. The results prove that assumption of isothermal conditions, incorrectly represent the pedestrian wind profile, on interaction with structures, specifically in relation to reduced wind speeds within pedestrian height of 1.5 m. The study also finds the modified pedestrian level wind pattern based on deviation angle with structure due to twisted wind flow when thermal stratification is accounted for. Finally, to quantify the differences, the area under different wind velocities are plotted as the % of the total area of ground of the domain. The novel findings and numerical model aim to refine and better the methodology of pedestrian wind investigations, especially for hilly regions.